Download Homologous chromosomes

Glossary
Reciprocal
translocation:
Mutual
exchange
of
chromosomal segments between two non
homologous chromosomes.
Telomere: Extreme ends of the chromosomes.
Homologous chromosomes: A pair of chromosomes
with same morphology and similar types of genes.
Non
homologous
chromosomes:
Chromosomes
belonging to two different pairs which are different
in morphology and in the arrangement of genes.
Pachytene stage: A prophase stage of meiosis during
which crossing over
between
hmologous
chromosomes takes place.
Bivalent: Two paired homologous chromosomes during
meiosis.
Karyotype: The arrangement of chromosomes of a
species in terms of number, shape size,
centromeric positions, secondary constrictions,
etc.
Crossing over: Exchange of chromosomal segments
between
chromatids of a homologous pair at
pachytene stage of meiosis.
Karyotype: The chromosome constitution of a cell or an
individual with respect to number, size, shape and
position of the centromere.
Phenotype: The
organism.
observable
characteristics
of
an
Position effect: A difference in phenotype that is
dependent on position of a gene or
group of genes
often caused by structural changes in the chromosome.
Acentric fragment: A chromosome segment withut
centromere.