Download Skeletal System, Muscular System, and Integumentary System

Skeletal System,
Muscular System, and
Integumentary System
Students Will Be Able To…
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Compare forms of skeleton
Compare involuntary and voluntary muscles
Differentiate smooth muscle from cardiac muscle
Identify layers of the skin
List important functions of the skin
Vocabulary
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Involuntary: not controlled by will
Ligament: tough, leathery structure that holds a joint together
Tendon: rope-like structure that attaches muscle to bone
Voluntary: controlled by will
Skeletal System
• Consists of 206 bones
• Bones are joined together by tendons and ligaments
• The purpose of the skeletal system is to provide the body with a framework that is strong
and mobile.
• It also is the body's main supplier of blood cells and minerals.
• Two main parts
• Appendicular skeleton: consists of all the bones in the shoulders, arms, hands, pelvis, legs, and feet.
• Axial skeleton: consists of the skull, spine, ribs, and sternum.
• Provides protection for the body's vital organs-the brain, heart, lungs, and spinal cord.
Skeletal System
• Movement is accomplished when the skeletal system works with the
muscular system.
• Bones are held together at the joints by ligaments and move when pulled on
by surrounding muscles.
• Tendons connect the muscles to the bones in order for the movement to
occur.
Muscular System
• Allows the body to move.
• Composed of approximately 600 skeletal muscles.
• Skeletal muscles are controlled voluntarily.
• Example: the muscles in your arm are voluntary. In order for you to move your arm,
you must make a conscious effort to do so.
Muscular System
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Involuntary muscles move without conscious control.
Cardiac and smooth muscles are types of involuntary muscles.
Smooth muscles are found on the inside and the outside of organs.
Cardiac muscles are only found in the heart.
Unlike skeletal and smooth muscles, cardiac muscles contract rhythmically over
100,000 times a day for your whole life.
• Skeletal and smooth muscles move when nerve impulses, sent from the CNS,
stimulate the muscle fibers, telling them to either contract or relax.
Integumentary System
• The skin protects the internal organs from harmful bacteria, sunlight, and
injury.
• The largest organ of the body
• Consists of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis.
• The epidermis is the outer layer.
• It is made up of dead cells and new cells which make the body waterproof, give color to
the skin, and help maintain the body's hydration levels.
Integumentary System
• The dermis is much thicker than the epidermis.
• It contains blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, and nerve cells which function as
sensory receptors.
• Helps to maintain the body's temperature level.
• When your body temperature rises over a certain level, you begin to sweat.
• When your skin gets "goose bumps," it is trying to warm your body.