Download Biochemistry I: Chemistry Basics

Biochemistry I: Chemistry Basics
I. Basic Concepts/Vocabulary:
1. Matter: anything that occupies
space and has mass
-4 states of matter
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
4. Plasma
2. Mass: the amount of matter an
object has
-constant throughout universe
3. Weight: the force of gravity on an
object
4. Element: a pure substance which cannot be
broken down into simpler kinds of matter
-4 types of elements
Metals
Metalloids
Non-metals
Inert (noble) gases
II. Periodic Table of Elements
-Developed by Dmitri “Wild man” Mendeleev
-tabular arrangement by increasing atomic number
-organized by rows (periods) and columns
(families)
-physical and chemical properties repeat
themselves
III. Atomic Theory - the atom model
Atom: the simplest particle of an element that retains
all the properties of that element
3 subatomic particles
1. Proton: (+) charge; nucleus
2. Neutron: (0) charge; nucleus
3. Electron: (-) charge; electron cloud
-electron cloud makes up most of the volume
-nucleus makes up the mass
Atomic Number: the # of protons in
an atom
Atomic # = 7; Nitrogen
Atomic Mass: the number of protons
plus the number of neutrons
Ion: an atom in which protons don’t
equal electrons; charged atom
Two Types:
1. Cation: a positively
charged ion (lost
electrons)
2. Anion: a negatively
charged ion (gained
electrons)
(Neutral atom: protons =
electrons)
Electrons: high energy particles that
pair up in energy levels
Electron Energy Levels:
Level
K
L
M
N
Number of Electrons
2
8
18
32