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Palaeontologie. 475 of I n d i a , Glossopteris has been found in extraordinary abun dance in the same company with which it occurs in A u s t r a l i a . In S o u t h A f r i c a an identical flora is met with which extends to the A r g e n t i n e and to other regions of S o u t h America. It is clear that from S o u t h America, through S o u t h A f r i c a and I n d i a to Australia, there existed a vegetation of uniform character which flouri shed over a vast southern continent at approximately the same period as that which, in the northern hemisphere and in C h i n a , witnessed the growth of the forests whose trees formed the source of our coal-supply. In B r a z i l , Professor Z e i l l e r has recorded the occurrence of a flora including Lepidophloios, a well-known European member of the Lycopods, associated with such characteristic southern types as Gangamopteris and Noeggerathlopsis. Simi larly from the T r a n s v a a l a European species of Sigillaria, with a Lepidodendroid plant, and another northern genus, Psygmophyllum, have been found in beds containing Glossop teris, Gangamopteris, Noeggerathiopsis, Neuropteridium, and other members of the so-called Glossopteris flora. In I n d i a , flora exhibits an entire absence of Lepidodenthe Glossopteris dron, Catamites, Sigillaria, and other common northern genera, while Sphenophyllum is represented by a single species. The Australian Permo-Carboniferous flora is also characterised by the absence of the great majority of the northern types. Until a few years ago the genus Glossopteris had not been disco vered in E u r o p e , but in 1897 Professor A m a l i t z k y recorded the occurrence of this genus in association with Gangamopteris in Permian strata in northern R u s s i a . We see, then, that in B r a z i l and S o u t h A f r i c a the Glossopteris flora and the northern flora overlapped, but the former was the dominant partner. On the other hand, in rocks belonging to a somewhat higher horizon in R u s s i a , we meet with a northern extension of the Glossopteris flora. There seems good reason for assuming that the Glossopteris flora originated in the South and before the close of the Permian period, as well as in the succeeding Triassic era, pushed north ward over a portion of the area previously occupied by the northern flora. This northward extension is shown by the existence of Glossopteris in Upper Permian rocks of R u s s i a , by the occurrence of several southern types in plant-bearing beds of the Altai mountains, and by the existence in W e s t e r n E u r o p e during the early stages of the Triassic era of such southern genera as Neuropteridium and Schizoneura. T r i a s s i c , J u r a s s i c , and W e a l d e n Floras. One of the few floras of early Triassic age of which satis factory relics have been preserved is that from the Bunter Sandstones of the Vosges. The genus Neuropteridium, a plant which may be a true fern, or possibly a surviving member of