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2016 2nd International Conference on Modern Education and Social Science (MESS 2016)
ISBN: 978-1-60595-346-5
Research on the Effect of Physical Fitness Evaluation Model for Physical
Exercise Evaluation
Jun SU1,2, Song ZHANG1, Lin YANG1,* and Xiao-He LI3
1
College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124,
China
2
Youth Sports Department, Beijing Municipal Bureau of Sports, Beijing, 100075, China
3
ZhongShiHongLi (Beijing) Health Technology Co. Ltd.
*Corresponding author, [email protected]
Keywords: Exercise Heart Rate, Early Warning System, Fitness and Health Monitoring.
Abstract. Objective: Students' physical fitness is declining, which highlights the urgent need for
physical education to solve the students' physical and health problems. Physical education is an
important part of students' physical exercise. In this study, a high school students perform a real-time
monitoring of heart rate in the physical education, through the comprehensive evaluation of exercise
intensity and exercise duration to understand the exercise load of physical education. Methods: The
whole motion intensity is divided into three levels: low intensity exercise, medium intensity exercise
and high intensity exercise (including extra high intensity exercise) according to the motion of the
heart rate collected. Then the movement time of each intensity exercise was calculated. The exercise
was scored according to the established evaluation criteria. In this study, we evaluated the exercise
load from two aspects: exercise intensity and duration. Results: By monitoring the movement of heart
rate and duration, in the same class, due to the different levels of effort, the effect of the movement of
the students are different in spite of the movement ability of the students are close to. Conclusion: By
monitoring the heart rate and movement duration, students daily exercise quantitative scores. The
score visual feedbacks each students’ daily exercise load and provides objective basis and instruction
for physical education teachers, schools and the relevant administrative departments.
Introduction
In recent years, teen-agers physique continued to decline in China. Vital capacity indicators reflecting
the heart and lung function continue to show a downward trend. Students' speed, explosive force,
strength quality and endurance quality level are not optimistic. The proportion of students who are
overweight increases. The detection rate of poor vision is still high [1]. The main reason for this
situation is the decline in the level of physical activity. A survey shows that only 18.3% of middle
school students have physical exercise every day for more than l hours. In extracurricular activities,
the sedentary time and less time activities such as watching TV, computer operation and doing
homework accounted for 14.6% of the day time, and outdoor activities, do chores and physical
exercise accounted for only 8.4% of the day, far less than the sedentary time.
Students' physical fitness is declining, which highlights the urgent need for physical education to
solve the students' physical and health problems. Physical education is an indispensable part of
students' physical exercise. It is important to measure the amount of physical exercise to understand
the magnitude of the load and the physiological responses of the body to the load. The amount of
exercise load, including exercise intensity and amount of exercise, is an important factor to enhance
the physical fitness of students. Too much exercise is harmful to the students' physical development.
Similarly, a small amount of exercise to enhance the physical fitness of students can not play a role.
Therefore, only appropriate amount of exercise can play a key role in enhancing the physical fitness of
students [2]. In this study, the real-time monitoring of the heart rate is performed in a middle school
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physical education. The aim is to evaluate the exercise load of physical education through the
comprehensive evaluation of exercise intensity and duration.
Method
In this study, the exercise intensity and duration were used for comprehensive evaluation of the
exercise load. Exercise intensity, which is the degree of physical stimulation of the human body, will
affect the human body's breathing, heart rate, endocrine and other systems in different degrees.
Movement duration is the accumulation of the amount of a certain intensity exercise. For the
development of physical fitness, only to achieve a certain amount of exercise intensity of the
accumulation of time is effective [3-6].
Combined with domestic and international authoritative children and adolescents physical exercise
standards, prescription and recommendations, from the perspective of accuracy and feasibility, the
ideal standard and the qualified standard for exercise quality monitoring were established initially.
The whole motion intensity is divided into three levels: low intensity exercise, medium intensity
exercise and high intensity exercise (including extra high intensity exercise) according to the motion
of the heart rate collected. Then the movement time of each intensity exercise was calculated. The
exercise was scored according to the established evaluation criteria. In this study, we evaluated the
exercise load from two aspects: exercise intensity and duration.
The maximum heart rate HRmax=220 – age. If the actual maximum heart rate in the exercise
exceeds the calculated heart rate, the actual maximum heart rate was used. A maximum heart rate in a
certain period (such as one week) was used. Quiet heart rate (QHR): the heart rate recorded in the
quiet state. A quiet heart rate in a certain period (such as one week) was used. Heart rate reserve:
HRR= quiet heart rate + (the maximum heart rate - quiet heart rate) * heart rate reserve percentage.
All physical activity is divided into low intensity, medium intensity, high intensity, extra high
intensity according to the intensity. According to the intensity of the oxygen uptake, the intensity of
the exercise was quantitated: the low intensity of the 0-40% reserve aerobic capacity, medium
intensity 40-60% and high intensity for 60-85%. The mean of low intensity, medium intensity and
high intensity are 20%, 50% and 72.5%, respectively, and the intensity coefficient is simplified to 1, 2
and 3 respectively. The time (min) of each intensity exercise is multiplied by the intensity factor, and
the load of each intensity is obtained. Then the ratio of the amount of daily exercise load and the ideal
exercise load (150) was calculated and multiplied by 100 to get a daily score.
The ideal standard was medium and high intensity exercise of each not less than 30 minutes, 7
times per week and the qualified standard was a total of not less than 60 minutes of medium and high
intensity exercise, 5 times per week.
Results
In afternoon physical education of a middle school in December 2014, the heart rate of 2 boys were
real-time monitored. Test instrument is POLAR TEAM2 system. Before class, the subjects with
POLAR keep quiet and awake for 10 minutes while sitting in the room. The heart rate curve of the
subjects was recorded by software, and the heart rate was observed in real time and remained silent for
3 minutes without significant fluctuation. During the student movement, the student's heart rate was
recorded and the heart rate curve was formed. The basic situation of the students and the level of
exercise load are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows that two boys are within the normal standard of BMI, and the quiet heart rate, heart
rate reserve is similar have basically the same level of exercise load. These showed that the two boys’
movement abilities are close to. The teaching content of the day was football. The preparation part is
the jogging, the basic part is playing football and the end part is the bare hand exercise. Due to the test
reasons, this research only carried on 30 minutes’ data analysis.
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Table 1. The basic situation of the students and the level of exercise load.
Height Weight
(cm)
(kg)
Boy 1
Boy 2
159
154
52
49.5
BMI QHR HRR
20.57
20.87
75
64
132
127
Low
intensity
exercise
75~128
64~131
Medium
intensity
exercise
129~154
132~156
High
intensity
exercise
155~187
157~188
Extra high
intensity
exercise
188~
189~
Boy 1
Boy 2
Figure 1. Heart rate curve of 2 boys.
Fig. 1 shows that Boy 1’s heart rate had irregular fluctuations. Most of the time, the heart rate was
in the medium intensity, the maximum heart rate of the entire class was 210 b/min. Boy 2’s heart rate
changed regularly, most of the time his heart rate was in the medium and high intensity, the maximum
heart rate of the entire class was 197 b/min.
Table 2 shows that in the same physical education class, Boy 1’s average heart rate of 135 b/min
was in the medium intensity range. Boy 2’s average heart rate of 160 b/min was in a high intensity
range. Boy 1’s main heart rate for 129~154 b/min and duration of 55 minutes and 15 seconds
accounted for 53% of the time of the whole class. This heart rate segment belonged to medium
intensity range. Boy 2’s main heart rate for 157~188 b/min and duration of 13 minutes and 18 seconds
accounted for 44% of the time of the whole class. This heart rate segment belonged to high intensity
range. These data showed that Boy 2 performed better in this class who have high intensity load, long
duration and good exercise effect.
Table 2. Comparison of the duration of exercise load and the percentage in the whole class time.
Average heart Low intensity
rate
(percentage)
Boy 1
Boy 2
135
160
04:16 (14%)
03:27 (12%)
Medium
intensity
(percentage)
15:55 (53%)
07:09 (24%)
High
intensity
(percentage)
05:03 (17%)
13:18 (44%)
Extra high
intensity
(percentage)
04:36 (15%)
05:45 (19%)
According to the evaluation method and the evaluation standard, the statistics of the individual load
and the score of the 2 boys were carried out.
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a
b
Figure 2. Daily load and score curve of the 2 boys (blue columns indicate exercise load and red
lines indicate scores).
Fig. 2 shows that each boy’s daily exercise load, exercise duration, exercise intensity, the actual
completion of the exercise load to an ideal standard (score). Through the daily accumulation, it can be
seen that each boy's monthly total exercise load, exercise duration, the duration of all kinds of
intensity exercise and the average score. From the data, the average daily score Boy 1 (37) > Boy 2
(35).
Conclusion
This physical education for Boy 1 is to carry out a medium intensity of exercise, and for Boy 2 is to
carry out a high intensity exercise. Through heart rate monitoring, it can be seen that in the same class,
due to the different levels of effort, the exercise effect is not the same to the students. Some of the
students are "contribute non-labor". If things go on like this, the students did not reach the fitness
effect.
By comparing the data of two boys in the same physical education class, the result shows that the
boys who have close exercise ability have different performance. By monitoring the heart rate and
movement duration, students daily exercise quantitative scores. The score visual feedbacks each
students’ daily exercise load and provides objective basis and instruction for physical education
teachers, schools and the relevant administrative departments.
Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported by Projects of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education
(PXM2015_014204_500064, PXM2016_014204_500079), Project of Excellent talent of
Organization Department of Beijing Municipal Party Committee (2014000020124G044), Project of
Excellent talent “RiXin” of Beijing University of Technology.
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