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Topic 3- Cell Membranes, Transport & Response
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3.4: Membranes (cell and plasma)
3.4.1
Identify the structure of a cell membrane
3.4.2
Explain the importance of the membrane proteins to
transport across the membrane
3.5
Transport of substances across membranes 1: Passive
transport
3.5 Passive transport 1: Diffusion
3.5.1
Define diffusion as ‘the net movement of molecules from a
region of their higher concentration to a region of their
lower concentration down a concentration gradient, as a
result of their random movement’
3.5.2
Describe the importance of diffusion of gases, solutes
(and water as a solvent)
3.5.3
Explain that diffusion is a dynamic process (always
happening)
3.5.4
State that the energy for diffusion comes from the
kinetic energy of random movement of molecules and
ions
3.5.5
Investigate the factors that influence diffusion: limited to

surface area

temperature

concentration gradient

distance
3.5 Passive transport 2: Osmosis
3.5.6
State that water diffuses through partially permeable
membranes by osmosis
3.5.7
State that water moves in and out of cells by osmosis
through the cell membrane
3.5.8
Define osmosis as ‘the diffusion of water molecules from a
region of their higher concentration (dilute solution) to a
region of their lower concentration (concentrated solution),
through a partially permeable membrane’
3.5.9
Investigate and describe the effects on plant tissues of
immersing them into solutions of different
concentrations
3.5.10 State that plants are supported by the pressure of water
inside the cells pressing outwards on the cell wall.
3.6: Active Transport
3.6.1
Define active transport as movement of ions in or out of a
cell through the cell membrane, from a region of their
lower concentration to a region of their higher
concentration against a concentration gradient, using
energy released during respiration
3.6.2
Discuss the importance of active transport as a process
for movement across membranes: e.g. ion uptake by
root hairs & uptake of glucose by epithelial cells of villi
and kidney tubules
3.6.3
Explain how protein molecules move particles across a
membrane during active transport
3.7 Cell Responses
3.7.1
Explain the effects on plant tissues of immersing them in
solutions of different concentrations by using the terms
turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis and flaccid
3.7.2
Explain the importance of osmosis in the uptake of water
by plants
3.7.3
Explain the importance of osmosis on animals cells and
tissues
3.7.4
Explain how plants are supported by turgor pressure
within cells, in terms of water pressure acting against an
inelastic cell wall