Download Word Formation - Prefixes and Opposites

ENG_B2.1403G
Word Formation - Prefixes
and Opposites
The Environment
Grammar & Structure
Level B2
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ENG_B2.1403G
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Word Formation - Prefixes and Opposites Outline
ENG_B2.1403G
Content
With some words, it is possible to just add a prefix or suffix to create the opposite.
Un, dis, im, over, in, ir are all prefixes that create the opposite of the adjective.
There unfortunately is no rule that goes with these prefixes, you just have to
memorize!
Learning Outcomes
• Learn how to form new words by adding prefixes or suffixes
• Expand your vocabulary related to environment
• Use new grammar to form new words
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Grammar
ENG_B2.1403G
In Japan, people separate garbage
into ‘burnable‘ and ‘unburnable‘.
Reusing recycled materials helps
save the environment.
It is illegal to put batteries and
mobile phones in the regular
trash.
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Grammar
John is responsible for
watering the flowers
in the garden.
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ENG_B2.1403G
John is so irresponsible.
He completely forgot to
take care of the flowers
in the garden.
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Grammar
ENG_B2.1403G
Please note
Word formation is an important part of English
grammar. By adding prefixes or suffixes you
can form new words that can be either
opposites or become a new part of speech
(Noun->verb->adjective).
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Grammar
ENG_B2.1403G
Please note
Unfortunately, there are no rules on how to
form new words in English. However, each
prefix has a certain meaning that can help you
create new words.
Examples
Enviromentalists are unable to predict the future condition of our planet.
Enviroment – enviromental – enviromentalist( a person)
Able - unable(opposite meaning) – inability(noun – new part of speech)
Un – prefix, list/al - suffixes
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ENG_B2.1403G
Grammar
Please note
How we form new words: opposite
meaning
care
responsible
patient
use
burnable
honest
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




careless
irresponsible
impatient
reuse
unburnable
dishonest
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ENG_B2.1403G
Grammar
Please note
Word formation – new part of speech; Notice
that some of words change the form
completely
important
solve
harm
depend
contaminate
pollute
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




importance
solution
harmful
dependent /independent
contamination
polution
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Grammar
ENG_B2.1403G
There are a lot of environmental problems that have to be considered. For
example, reusing recycled materials can help save energy, reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and prevent air and water pollution. Air pollution
is extremely harmful and poses a great health risk. Environmentalists
always try to accentuate how irresponsible people can be. Things like
leaving trash on the street, causing fires due to carelessness and dumping
sewage or industrial waste into rivers aren‘t unusual. It‘s true that most
peope underestimate the consequences of climate change and global
warming, however, it‘s still possible to rethink our own attitude towards
environmental issues and cooperate with each other. We don‘t want future
generations to live in an unhealthy environment,do we?
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Grammar + Vocabulary
ENG_B2.1403G
Text
1. environment(N)
2. scientists
environmental(Adj) – environmentalist(N-person)
science
3. greenhouse effect
4. global warming
Apart from opposite meaning in word formation, it‘s
possible to form new part of speech (nouns from verbs,
adjectives from nouns, etc) It can boost your vocabulary
significantly!
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Grammar + Vocabulary
ENG_B2.1403G
Text
1. Pollution(N)
Pollute(V)
2. Harmful(Adj)
harm(N) – harm(V)
3. Health(N)
healthy - unhealthy(opposite)
4. responsible
irresponsible(opposite)
5. Careless(Adj)
Carelessness(N)
6. sewage
7. climate change
8. consequences
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ENG_B2.1403G
Vocabulary
prevent
dump waste into
reduce
consider
give more thought
pose great risk to
take care of
underestimate
recycle/reuse
take in mind
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rethink
set fire
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ENG_B2.1403G
Review
Text
1. responsible
irresponsible
2. healthy
unhealthy
3. agree
disagree
4. correct
incorrect
Even though there are no specific rules for word
formation in English, it‘s still important to
remember the number of prefixes that can help
form new words ( un,dis,im,over,in,ir)
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Exercises
ENG_B2.1403G
Speaking
Choose the right word
1) Air pollution is extremely harm / harmful / harmless.
2) Ozone in the air can reach unhealthy/ inhealthy
levels on sunny days.
3) You shouldn‘t overestimate / estimate /
underestimate the environmental problems in the
21st century.
4) Your hand is bleeding! You should infect / disinfect /
uninfect it immediately.
5) It‘s unpossible/overpossible/impossible to prevent
global warming. The effects can be felt today.
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ENG_B2.1403G
Grammar
Please note
There are common prefixes that you add
to form opposite meaning such as
un/dis/im/in/ir
dependent
honest
complete
infect
correct
burnable
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




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Exercises
ENG_B2.1403G
Writing
Fill in the blanks
unburnable – cooperate – global climate change –
improve – impacts – increase
1) Scientific understanding of the cause of ______ is increasing.
2) Future climate change and associated ______ will vary from
region to region around the globe.
3) Many risks are expected to _____ with higher magnitudes of
global warming.
4) Citizens should definitely_____ with each other to_____
ecological situations
5) You should separate garbage into burnable and_______.
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ENG_B2.1403G
Exercises
Speaking
Create sentences with the words below.
Connect with the topic ‘environment‘
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
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impossible
unusual
climate change
disagree with
unhealthy
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ENG_B2.1403G
Exercises
Speaking
Check whether you understand the
meaning of the words below
 environmentalist
 pollution
 irresponsible
 disinfect
 illegal
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ENG_B2.1403G
Exercises
Speaking
Form new words. There may be more than
1 variant.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
???
???
science
care
pollute
???
???
???
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+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
burnable
legal
???
???
???
use
healthy
operate
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
???
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ENG_B2.1403G
Exercises
Speaking
Form new words. There may be more than
1 variant.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
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???
???
harm
???
???
???
+
+
+
+
+
+
usable
infect
???
able
honest
patient
???
???
???
???
???
???
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ENG_B2.1403G
Exercises
Writing
Demonstrate the opposite
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
burnable
responsible
usual
correct
possible
healthy
effective
secure
infect
agree
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ENG_B2.1403G
Thank you
We would like to thank
the following sources for their content
Text
Global warming,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warm
ing#Ecological_systems
, Retrieved at 06.01.2015, Creative
Commons license
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Images
Shutterstock – ID 100853632
Shutterstock – ID 109855187
Shutterstock – ID 126009806
Shutterstock – ID 127807688
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ENG_B2.1403G
Thank you
for choosing to learn
with
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