Download HYDROcodone/acetaminophen HYDROcodone/ibuprofen

Name /bks_53161_deglins_md_disk/hydrocodone
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High Alert
HYDROcodone
(hye-droe-koe-done)
Plate # 0-Composite
pg 1 # 1
Half-life: 2.2 hr; Extended-release— 8 hr.
TIME/ACTION PROFILE (analgesic effect)
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ROUTE
ONSET
PEAK
DURATION
Hycodan, Tussigon (U.S. antitussive formulations contain homatropine),
Zohydro ER
PO
PO-ER
10–30 min
unknown
30–60 min
unknown
4–6 hr
unknown
HYDROcodone/acetaminophen
Contraindications/Precautions
Contraindicated in: Hypersensitivity to hydrocodone (cross-sensitivity may exist
HYDROcodone/ibuprofen
to other opioids); Significant respiratory depression; Paralytic ileus; Acute or severe
bronchial asthma or hypercarbia; Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen/ibuprofen (for
combination products); Ibuprofen-containing products should be avoided in patients with bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia; Acetaminophen-containing
products should be avoided in patients with severe hepatic or renal disease; Ibuprofen-containing products should be avoided in patients undergoing coronary artery
bypass graft surgery; OB, Lactation: Avoid chronic use; Products containing alcohol, aspartame, saccharin, sugar, or tartrazine (FDC yellow dye #5) should be
avoided in patients who have hypersensitivity or intolerance to these compounds.
Use Cautiously in: Head trauma;qintracranial pressure; Severe renal, hepatic,
or pulmonary disease; Cardiovascular disease (ibuprofen-containing products
only); History of peptic ulcer disease (ibuprofen-containing products only); Alcoholism; Geri: Geriatric or debilitated patients (initial dosageprequired; more prone to
CNS depression, constipation); Patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain; Prostatic
hyperplasia.
Anexsia, Co-Gesic, Lortab, Norco, Vicodin, Zydone
Reprexain, Vicoprofen
Classification
Therapeutic: allergy, cold, and cough remedies (antitussive), opioid analgesics
Pharmacologic: opioid agonists/nonopioid analgesic combinations
Schedule II (Zohydro ER)III (in combination)
Pregnancy Category C
For information on the acetaminophen and ibuprofen components of these formulations,
see the acetaminophen and ibuprofen monographs
Indications
Extended-release product: Management of pain that is severe enough to warrant
daily, around-the-clock , long-term opioid treatment where alternative treatment options are inadequate. Combination products: Management of moderate to severe
pain. Antitussive (usually in combination products with decongestants).
Action
Bind to opiate receptors in the CNS. Alter the perception of and response to painful
stimuli while producing generalized CNS depression: Suppress the cough reflex via a
direct central action. Therapeutic Effects: Decrease in severity of moderate pain.
Suppression of the cough reflex.
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption: Well absorbed following oral administration.
Distribution: Unknown.
Metabolism and Excretion: Mostly metabolized by the liver; eliminated in the
urine (50– 60% as metabolites, 15% as unchanged drug).
⫽ Canadian drug name.
⫽ Genetic Implication.
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects
Noted for hydrocodone only; see acetaminophen/ibuprofen monographs for specific
information on individual components CNS: confusion, dizziness, sedation, euphoria, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams. EENT: blurred vision, diplopia, miosis. Resp: respiratory depression. CV: hypotension, bradycardia. GI: constipation,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting. GU: urinary retention. Derm: sweating. Misc: physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance.
Interactions
Drug-Drug: Use with extreme caution in patients receiving MAO inhibitors
(may produce severe, unpredictable reactions— do not use within 14 days
of each other). CYP3A4 inhibitors mayqlevels and effects. CYP3A4 inducers
CAPITALS indicate life-threatening, underlines indicate most frequent.
Strikethrough ⫽ Discontinued.
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mayplevels and effects. Additive CNS depression with alcohol, antihistamines,
and sedative/hypnotics. Administration of partial antagonist opioids (buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine, or pentazocine) maypanalgesia or precipitate opioid withdrawal in physically dependent patients.
Drug-Natural Products: Concomitant use of kava-kava, valerian, skullcap,
chamomile, or hops canqCNS depression.
Route/Dosage
PO (Adults): Analgesic— 2.5– 10 mg q 3– 6 hr as needed; if using combination
products, acetaminophen dosage should not exceed 4 g/day and should not exceed 5
tablets/day of ibuprofen-containing products; Antitussive— 5 mg q 4– 6 hr as
needed; Extended release— 10 mg q 12 hr; mayqas needed in increments of 10 mg
q 12 hr q 3– 7 days.
PO (Children): Analgesic (1– 13 yr)— 0.1– 0.2 mg/kg q 3– 4 hr. Antitussive —
0.6 mg/kg/day divided q 6– 8 hr; (maximum doses ⬍2 yr: 1.25 mg/dose; 2– 12 yr: 5
mg/dose; ⬎12 yr: 10 mg/dose) .
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Assessment
● Assess BP, pulse, and respirations before and periodically during administration.
If respiratory rate is ⬍10/min, assess level of sedation. Physical stimulation may be
sufficient to prevent significant hypoventilation. Dose may need to be decreased by
25– 50%. Initial drowsiness will diminish with continued use.
● Assess bowel function routinely. Prevention of constipation should be instituted
with increased intake of fluids and bulk, and laxatives to minimize constipating effects. Stimulant laxatives should be administered routinely if opioid use exceeds
2– 3 days, unless contraindicated.
● Pain: Assess type, location, and intensity of pain prior to and 1 hr (peak) following administration. When titrating opioid doses, increases of 25– 50% should be
administered until there is either a 50% reduction in the patient’s pain rating on a
numerical or visual analogue scale or the patient reports satisfactory pain relief. A
repeat dose can be safely administered at the time of the peak if previous dose is
ineffective and side effects are minimal.
● An equianalgesic chart (see Appendix B) should be used when changing routes or
when changing from one opioid to another.
Plate # 0-Composite
pg 2 # 2
● Prolonged use may lead to physical and psychological dependence and tolerance.
This should not prevent patient from receiving adequate analgesia. Most patients
who receive opioids for pain do not develop psychological dependence. If progressively higher doses are required, consider conversion to a stronger opioid.
● Cough: Assess cough and lung sounds during antitussive use.
● Lab Test Considerations: May causeqplasma amylase and lipase concentrations.
● Toxicity and Overdose: If an opioid antagonist is required to reverse respiratory depression or coma, naloxone is the antidote. Dilute the 0.4-mg ampule of
naloxone in 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl and administer 0.5 mL (0.02 mg) by direct IV
push every 2 min. For children and patients weighing ⬍40 kg, dilute 0.1 mg of naloxone in 10 mL of 0.9% NaCl for a concentration of 10 mcg/mL and administer 0.5
mcg/kg every 2 min. Titrate dose to avoid withdrawal, seizures, and severe pain.
Potential Nursing Diagnoses
Acute pain (Indications)
Disturbed sensory perception (visual, auditory) (Side Effects)
Risk for injury (Side Effects)
Implementation
● High Alert: Accidental overdose of opioid analgesics has resulted in fatalities.
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Before administering, clarify all ambiguous orders; have second practitioner independently check original order and dose calculations.
Do not confuse hydrocodone with oxycodone. Do not confuse Reprexain
with Zyprexa.
Explain therapeutic value of medication prior to administration to enhance the analgesic effect.
Regularly administered doses may be more effective than prn administration. Analgesic is more effective if given before pain becomes severe.
Combination with nonopioid analgesics may have additive analgesic effects and
permit lower doses. Maximum doses of nonopioid agents limit the titration of hydrocodone doses.
Medication should be discontinued gradually after long-term use to prevent withdrawal symptoms.
PO: May be administered with food or milk to minimize GI irritation.
Swallow extended-release capsules whole; do not open, crush, dissolve, or chew.
Patient/Family Teaching
● Advise patient to take medication as directed and not to take more than the recom-
mended amount. Severe and permanent liver damage may result from prolonged
䉷 2015 F.A. Davis Company
CONTINUED
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Plate # 0-Composite
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Evaluation/Desired Outcomes
CONTINUED
HYDROcodone/ibuprofen
● Suppression of nonproductive cough.
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● Decrease in severity of pain without a significant alteration in level of conscious-
ness or respiratory status.
Why was this drug prescribed for your patient?
use or high doses of acetaminophen. Renal damage may occur with prolonged use
of acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Doses of nonopioid agents should not exceed the
maximum recommended daily dose. Do not stop taking without discussing with
health care professional; my cause withdrawal symptoms if discontinued abruptly
after prolonged use.
Instruct patient on how and when to ask for and take pain medication.
Advise patient that hydrocodone is a drug with known abuse potential. Protect it
from theft, and never give to anyone other than the individual for whom it was prescribed.
May cause drowsiness or dizziness. Advise patient to call for assistance when ambulating or smoking. Caution patient to avoid driving or other activities requiring
alertness until response to the medication is known.
Advise patient to notify health care professional if pain control is not adequate or if
side effects occur.
Advise patient to change positions slowly to minimize orthostatic hypotension.
Caution patient to avoid concurrent use of alcohol or other CNS depressants with
this medication.
Instruct patient to notify health care professional of all Rx or OTC medications, vitamins, or herbal products being taken and consult health care professional before taking any new medications.
Emphasize the importance of aggressive prevention of constipation with the use of
hydrocodone.
Encourage patient to turn, cough, and breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent atelectasis.
Advise patient that good oral hygiene, frequent mouth rinses, and sugarless gum
or candy may decrease dry mouth.
Advise patient to notify health care professional if pregnancy is planned or suspected, or if breast feeding.
⫽ Canadian drug name.
⫽ Genetic Implication.
CAPITALS indicate life-threatening, underlines indicate most frequent.
Strikethrough ⫽ Discontinued.
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