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Definitions of the Six Trigonometric Functions
Right triangle definitions, where 0    2 .
hyp
opp
hyp
sec 
adj
adj
cot 
opp
csc 
Opposite
opp
hyp
adj
cos 
hyp
opp
tan 
adj
sin  
Sum and Difference Formulas
θ
Adjacent
y
r
x
cos 
r
y
tan 
x
sin  
r
y
r
sec 
x
x
cot 
y
1
csc
1
tan 
cot
1
csc 
sin 
(x, y)
1
sec
1
cot 
tan
1
sec 
cos
cos 
Tangent and Cotangent Identities
tan 
sin 
cos
cot 
cos
sin 
Pythagorean Identities
sin 2   cos2   1
1 tan 2   sec2 
1 cot 2   csc2 
Cofunction Identities


sin    cos
2



tan    cot
2



sec    csc
2

Negative Angle Identities
sin    sin 
tan    tan
sec   sec
sin 2  2 sin  cos
cos 2  cos2   sin 2 
 2 cos2  1  1  2 sin 2 
2 tan
tan 2 
1  tan 2 
csc 
Reciprocal Identities
sin  
Double-Angle Formulas
y
Circular functions, where θ is any angle.
y
r
x
sin     sin  cos   cos sin 
cos     cos cos   sin  sin 
tan  tan 
tan    
1  tan tan 
θ
x
Power-Reducing Formulas
1 cos 2
2
1

cos
2
cos2  
2
1  cos 2
tan 2  
1  cos 2
sin 2  
Half-Angle Formulas
1 cos
2
2

1 cos
cos  
2
2

1  cos 1 cos
sin 
tan  


2
1  cos
sin 
1  cos
sin


Sum-to-Product Formulas


cos    sin 
2



cot    tan
2



csc    sec
2

cos   cos
cot    cot
csc    csc
       
sin   sin   2 sin
 cos

 2   2 
       
sin   sin   2 cos
 sin

 2   2 
       
cos  cos   2 cos
 cos

 2   2 
       
cos  cos   2 sin
 sin

 2   2 
Product-to-Sum Formulas
1
cos     cos   
2
1
cos cos   cos     cos   
2
1
sin  cos   sin     sin   
2
sin  sin  
Unit Circle and Special Angles
x  cos , y  sin 
x2  y2 1
y
0,1
 1 3
 , 
 2 2 


1 3
 , 
2 2 


 2 2


 2 , 2 




 2 , 2 
 2 2 


 3 1


 2 , 2


 3 1
 , 
 2 2


1,0
1,0
x
 3 1
 , 
 2
2 

 3 1


 2 , 2 


 2
2 

,

 2
2 

 2
2 

,

 2
2 

 1

  , 3 
 2 2 


1

 , 3 
2
2 

0,1
 (radians)
 (degrees)
sin 
cos
tan
cot
sec
csc
0
0
0
1
0
Undefined
1
Undefined
1
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
3
3
3
2 3
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
3
2

6

4

3
30
45
60
2
2 3
3
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