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Chemistry 400 Miller Nomenclature Nomenclature Material covered on Nomenclature Quiz: Elements, Common Molecular Compounds, Common Ions and Their Charges Nomenclature Material covered on Exam 1: all of the above, Measurement Prefixes, ionic compounds, binary molecular compounds and Solubility Rules. Nomenclature Material covered on Final: all of the above, Strong Acids and Weak Acids Elements Symbol Ag Al Au B Ba Bi Br C Ca Cd Cl Co Cr Cu Name Silver Aluminum Gold Boron Barium Bismuth Bromine Carbon Calcium Cadmium Chlorine Cobalt Chromium copper Symbol F Fe H He Hg I K Kr Li Mg Mn N Na Ne Name Fluorine Iron Hydrogen Helium Mercury Iodine Potassium Krypton Lithium Magnesium Manganese Nitrogen Sodium neon Symbol Ni O P Pb Pt S Sb Si Sn Sr Ti U W Zn Name Nickel Oxygen Phosphorus Lead Platinum Sulfur antimony Silicon Tin Strontium Titanium Uranium Tungsten zinc Measurement Prefixes Prefix kilocentimillimicronano- Abbreviation k c m µ n Meaning 103 10–2 10–3 10–6 10–9 Example 1 kJ = 1000 J 100 cm = 1 m 1,000 mm = 1 m 1×106 µL = 1 L 1×109 ng = 1 g Common Molecular Compounds Name Formula Name formula water H 2O sulfur dioxide SO2 hydrogen H 2O 2 sulfur trioxide SO3 peroxide hydrochloric HCl carbon CO acid* monoxide sulfuric acid H2SO4 carbon dioxide CO2 nitric acid HNO3 methane CH4 acetic acid CH3COOH ethane CH3CH3 ammonia NH3 propane CH3CH2CH3 *Called hydrogen chloride when in the gas phase 6 name butane pentane Formula CH3(CH2)2CH3 CH3(CH2)3CH3 benzene C 6H 6 methanol ethanol acetone diethyl ether CH3OH CH3CH2OH CH3COCH3 CH3CH2OCH2CH3 Common Ions and Their Charges Common Cations Formula Name H+ hydrogen ion H 3O + hydronium ion Li+ lithium ion Na+ sodium ion K+ potassium ion Rb+ rubidium ion Cs+ cesium ion NH4+ ammonium ion Ag+ silver ion Cu+ copper(I) ion Mg2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Zn2+ Cd2+ Hg22+ Hg2+ Cu2+ Fe2+ Mn2+ Co2+ Ni2+ Pb2+ Sn2+ magnesium ion calcium ion strontium ion barium ion zinc ion cadmium ion mercury(I) ion mercury(II) ion copper(II) ion iron(II) ion manganese(II) ion cobalt(II) ion nickel(II) ion lead(II) ion tin(II) Cr3+ Fe3+ Al3+ Ni3+ chromium(III) ion iron(III) ion aluminum ion nickel(III) Common Anions Formula Name H– hydride ion F– fluoride ion Cl– chloride ion Br– bromide ion I– iodide ion OH– hydroxide ion CH3COO– acetate ion NO3– nitrate ion CN– cyanide ion ClO– hypochlorite ion ClO2– chlorite ion ClO3– chlorate ion ClO4– perchlorate ion All 4 brominated oxyanions All 4 iodinated oxyanions MnO4– permanganate ion NO2– nitrite ion SCN– thiocyanate ion HCO3– hydrogen carbonate HSO4– hydrogen sulfate HSO3– hydrogen sulfite H2PO4– dihydrogen phosphate O2– O22– S2– CO32– SO42– SO32CrO42– Cr2O72– C2O42– HPO42– oxide ion peroxide ion sulfide ion carbonate ion sulfate ion sulfite ion chromate ion dichromate ion oxalate ion hydrogen phosphate N3– P3– PO43– PO33– nitride ion phosphide ion phosphate ion phosphite ion Solubility Rules To Memorize 1. All common compounds of Group I and ammonium ions are soluble. 2. All nitrates, acetates, perchlorates and chlorates are soluble. 3. All binary compounds of the halogens (other than F) with metals are soluble, except those of Ag, Hg(I), and Pb. 4. All sulfates are soluble, except those of barium, strontium, calcium, lead, silver, and mercury (I). 5. Except for rule 1, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, silicates, oxalates and phosphates are insoluble. 6. Except for rule 1 and calcium, barium, strontium, magnesium, sulfides are insoluble. Strong Acids to Memorize: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, H2SO4, HClO3, HClO4 Weak Acid structure: Know it, recognize it, live it: R–COOH where R stands for the "rest of the molecule". O R C OH 7
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