Download Cells and mitosis

Cells—basic unit of structure and function of organisms
Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes
“bacteria”
Unicellular or multicellular
diverse—4 kingdoms
aminalia, plantae, fungi, protista
larger
membrane-bound organelles
nucleus, chloroplast (plants)
endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles
lysosomes, mitochondria
golgi body
ribosomes
cell walls (plants, fungi, protista)
DNA w/ in nucleus
unicelluar
2 divisions-archaea
&bacteria
smaller
none, except plasma
membrane (barrier)
no
no
no
no
yes
yes
DNA in cytoplasm
Today—Eukaryotes: Cheek cells (see nucleus, cytoplasm,
plasma membrane), plant cells (onion cell and see vacuole and cell
wall; and elodea and see chloroplasts)
Prokaryotes: Electron micrograph of bacteria and slide of 3
bacterial forms (cocci, bacilli,spirilli)
Mitosis
Cell division in which number of chromosomes remains same
Equal division of DNA into 2 daughter cells after DNA has been
copied
Produces 2 daughter cells from one parent cell
Reproduction of cells : unicellular zygote multicellular
organism
replacement of damaged/lost cells
Chromosomes—DNA (genetic material) + Proteins
after duplication 2 identical chromosomes attached to one another
by centromeres
Cell cycle—consists of periods of cell division (mitosis) and no
division (interphase)
Interphase—prepares cells for mitosis—synthesis of proteins and
organelles and DNA
Mitosis is divided into 4 phases—prophase, metaphase, anaphase,
and teleophase
Prophase—chromosomes (2 chromatids attached by centromere)
visible, spindle fibers seen, centrioles (animals separate)
Metaphase—chromosomes line up along equatorial plane
Anaphase—sister chromatids separate from one another and move
towards opposite poles; now one chromatid = 1 chromosome
Telophase – nuclear envelope/membrane begins to reappear;
cytoplasmic division occurs
a) animals—cleavage furrow or pinching of cytoplasm
b) plants—cell plate formed
Today—Microscope slides of embryonic white fish blastula, onion
root tip; models of mitosis in plants and animals