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Relational Database Design Compiled and Presented by Thomas P. Sturm, Ph.D. Graduate Programs in Software Technical Seminar The University of St. Thomas St. Paul, Minnesota © Copyright 1971 to 2002 Thomas P. Sturm All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, or translated into any language, without prior written permission of the author. Microsoft, Microsoft File, and MS-DOS are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation IBM, IBM-DOS, AS/400, System R, SQL/DS, VM/CMS, DOS/VSE, DB2, MVS, MVS/370, MVS/XA, and QMF are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation pfs, pfs:File, and pfs:First Choice are registered trademarks of Software Publishing Corporation IDMS is a registered trademark of Cullinet Corporation Ingres, Vifred, Vigraph, OSL, and ABF are registered trademarks of ASK, Inc. LISA is a registered trademark of Control Data Corporation Oracle and SQL+ are registered trademarks of Oracle Corporation MIDAS is a registered trademark of Pr1me Computer Corporation Turbo C, Turbo C++, Borland C++, and Sidekick are registered trademarks of Borland International, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark of American Telephone and Telegraph Company VAX, DEC, RdB, DBMS, VMS, and VAX C are registered trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation WordStar is a registered trademark of WordStar Corporation DB Master, PC-File, System 2000, Focus, IMS, MDBS III, dbVista III are registered trademarks Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 2 Relational Database Design The goal of this seminar is to develop sound principles for determining the value of information, what data should he stored, how it should he organized, retrieved and managed to provide a manageably sized, responsive, user-friendly, accurate, information-producing relational database. Objectives: By the end of the course, qualified and diligent participants should know: The concepts of data and information and how data produces information The identification procedure for entities and the procedure for determining their interrelationships How to construct logical data structures for modeling data How to construct a relational database starting from a logical data structure How to construct a relational database starting from an existing collection of data or existing “tables.” During the seminar, participants will be given opportunity to: Identify attributes, entities, values, and relationships Use relational operators on a set of tables to produce information Normalize an existing set of data into a set of well-formed relations Construct a logical data structure Map a logical data structure into a set of well-formed relations Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 3 Relational Database Design Course Schedule Data Concepts Introduction and justification Concepts of data, information and database The need for information-producing systems Data base design goals Definition of entity, attribute, value, and relationship Lab l - Entity identification Relational Database Model: Conceptual structure Definition of a relation Relational operators Understanding relational terminology Elimination of redundancy. Lab 3 - Relational operators Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 4 Relational Design Concepts: Principles of logical database design Modeling using Normalization: Various normal forms (zeroth, first through fifth, projection-join) Identification of keys and relationships Normalizing existing forms and databases Case study 2 Lab 4 - Normalizing an order form Modeling using Logical Data Structures LDS components Relating entities, attributes, and relationships Handling 1-1, 1-many, and many-many relationships Modeling choices Constraint modeling and enforcement Mapping logical data structures to well-formed relations Lab 5 LDS construction Lab 6 mapping LDS to a relational database Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 5 Course Goals Understand how data produces information Identify entities and their interrelationships Construct a logical data structure for modeling data Construct a relational database starting from a logical data structure Re-form an existing collection of data into relational form Non-Goals Will not learn the details of any particular database management system Will not receive extensive product evaluations Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 6 Participant Introductions 1. Name 2. Company and Department 3. Data base systems used (or planned to be used) 4. Data base projects you are working with (or plan to be working with) Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 7 Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Data Concepts Relational Model Relational Design Concepts Normalization Logical Data Structures Exercises References Copyright © 1971-2002 Thomas P. Sturm Relational Database Design 8