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GAMETANGIA GAMETANGIUM OEDOGONIUM GAMETANGIUM OEDOGONIUM ? GAMETANGIA ? OEDOGONIUM GAMETANGIUM OEDOGONIUM GAMETANGIA ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM GAMETANGIUM OEDOGONIUM ? GAMETANGIA ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM ? OEDOGONIUM GAMETANGIA ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM OOGONIUM OEDOGONIUM ^ CHLOROPHYCEAE & ULVOPHYCEAE GAMETANGIA GAMETANGIA ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM OOGONIUM OEDOGONIUM U UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIA UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM OOGONIUM OEDOGONIUM T CHLOROPHYCEAE ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHLAMYDOMONAS ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE ULVOPHYCEAE ^ CHLAMYDOMONAS ULVA CHAROPHYCEAE GAMETANGIA UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIA T UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIA COLEOCHEATE O UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIA OOGONIUM UNICELLULAR COLEOCHEATE MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA T MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA CHARA CHARA ? A MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA CHARA ? CHARA ? MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA O MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA ? CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA ? MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA OOGONIUM CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA T MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA ? CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA ? MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA TUBE CELL CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA C MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA ? TUBE CELL CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA M MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA CORONA CELL TUBE CELL CHARA ANTHERIDIUM CHARA E MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA OOGONIUM MULTICELLULAR CHARA ANTHERIDIUM MULTICELLULAR CHARA VP EMBRYOPHYTES VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION ^ CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE GAMETANGIA IDENTICAL WITH EMBRYOPHYTES EMBRYOPHYTES ^ CHLOROPHYTA CLASS CHARACTER HANDOUT C SHARED CHAROPHYCEAE & EMBRYOPHYTE CHARACTERS CHLOROPLAST C GRANA PRESENT OR ABSENT CHLOROPLAST L.S. E CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTES ^ GRANA PRESENT CHLOROPLAST L.S. KARYOKINESIS KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE ABSENT I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS PERSISTENT NUCLEAR MEMBRANE KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE ABSENT DAUGHTER NUCLEI CLOSE = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT C CELL CYTOSOL I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS NON-PERSISTENT NUCLEAR MEMBRANE KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT DAUGHTER NUCLEI SEPARATED = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE E CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTES KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT ^ CELL CYTOSOL I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS NON-PERSISTENT NUCLEAR MEMBRANE KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT DAUGHTER NUCLEI SEPARATED = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE CYTOKINESIS CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PHYCOPLAST CELL CYTOSOL I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS FURROWING CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT PHYCOPLAST SPINDLE = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PHRAGMOPLAST CC CELL CYTOSOL I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS CELL PLATE CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST SPINDLE = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE E CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTES CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PHRAGMOPLAST C^ CELL CYTOSOL I I I I I I I I NUCLEUS NUCLEUS CELL PLATE CYTOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST SPINDLE = CELL MEMBRANE = NUCLEAR MEMBRANE = MICROTUBULE FLAGELLA FLAGELLA APICAL INSERTION C FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL INSERTION E CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTES ^ FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL INSERTION GAMETANGIA UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIA UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM ANTHERIDIUM OEDOGONIUM UNICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM OOGONIUM OEDOGONIUM MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM OOGONIUM CHARA MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM ANTHERIDIUM CHARA C E CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTES MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA C VP MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM OOGONIUM CHARA MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIUM ANTHERIDIUM CHARA CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY CHLOROPHYTA ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION E CHAROPHYCEAE CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY CHLOROPHYTA ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION > CHAROPHYCEAE GRANA PRESENT KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT CYTOKINESIS PHRAGMOPLAST SUBAPICAL FLAGELLA MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA EMBRYOPHYTES CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION CYANOPHYTA ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY CHLOROPHYTA ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CONCLUSION CHAROPHYCEAE-LIKE ALGA EVOLVED EMBRYOPHYTES CONCLUSION VASCULAR PLANT EVOLUTION ^ CHAROPHYCEAE GRANA PRESENT KARYOKINESIS SPINDLE PRESENT CYTOKINESIS PHRAGMOPLAST SUBAPICAL FLAGELLA MULTICELLULAR GAMETANGIA EMBRYOPHYTES FOSSIL EVIDENCE CHAROPHYCEAE EMBRYOPHYTE EVOLUTIONARY LINK P PARKA DECIPIENS FOSSIL CHAROPHYACEAE ALGA FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE PARKA DECIPIENS PARKA DECIPIENS 4 ~400 MILLION YEARS ? SILURIAN C FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE ? C.S. PARKA DECIPIENS C FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE CUTICLE C.S. PARKA DECIPIENS CUTICLE CUTICLE OUTER WAXY LAYER INHIBITS WATER LOSS CUTICLE FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE CUTICLE WATER PARKA DECIPIENS C.S. FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE CUTICLE WATER PARKA DECIPIENS C.S. T FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE CUTICLE WATER PARKA DECIPIENS C.S. FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE CUTICLE C.S. PARKA DECIPIENS COASTAL MUDFLAT ? C FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE PARKA DECIPIENS ? FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE PARKA DECIPIENS COLEOCHEATE C > CONCLUSION CONCLUSION CYANOPHYTA CONCLUSION > ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORY CHLOROPHYTA PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST PRESENT PHRAGMOPLAST ABSENT FLAGELLA APICAL PHYCOPLAST ABSENT PHRAGMOPLAST PRESENT FLAGELLA SUBAPICAL ULVOPHYCEAE CHLOROPHYCEAE CHAROPHYCEAE CONCLUSION Parka-Coleocheate-LIKE ALGA EVOLVED EMBRYOPHYTES EMBRYOPHYTES PARKA COLEOCHAETE DISTURBING PARKA CAVEAT PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT PRESENT PAST GEOLOGIC TIME 4 PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT PRESENT ~420 MYA PAST GEOLOGIC TIME EMBRYOPHYTE 4 ? PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT PRESENT ~400 MYA PARKA ~420 MYA PAST GEOLOGIC TIME EMBRYOPHYTE + PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT Parka APPEARS IN THE FOSSIL RECORD AFTER EMBRYOPHYTES PRESENT ~400 MYA PARKA ~420 MYA PAST GEOLOGIC TIME EMBRYOPHYTE ? PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT PRESENT ~420 MYA EMBRYOPHYTE ? MYA PAST GEOLOGIC TIME PARKA QUESTION FOSSIL RECORD COMPLETE OR INCOMPLETE? QUESTION A ANSWER INCOMPLETE ANSWER + > FOSSIL CHAROPHYCEAE FOSSIL RECORD NEVER CONSIDERED COMPLETE PARKA DECIPIENS PARKA DECIPIENS + ^ PARKA DISTURBING CAVEAT PRESENT ~420 MYA EMBRYOPHYTE ? MYA PAST GEOLOGIC TIME PARKA CHLOROPHYTA REPRODUCTION M ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION MITOSIS ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CHLAMYDOMONAS UNICELLULAR SPECIES M ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION MITOSIS CHLAMYDOMONAS UNICELLULAR SPECIES ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION MITOSIS CHLAMYDOMONAS UNICELLULAR SPECIES F ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION FRAGMENTATION S MULTICELLULAR SPECIES SPIROGYRA FILAMENTOUS FILAMENTOUS VOLVOX
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