Download 2015 SENIOR ANATOMY EASY 502 (easy) TH91/HIH230

2015 SENIOR ANATOMY
EASY
502
(easy)
Q: What is the largest bone in the horse's head?
A: Mandible (lower jaw)
TH91/HIH230-2
503
(easy)
HIH525-1
Q: What part of a horse's foot provides traction & absorbs shock?
A: Frog
504
(easy)
TH683/HS6
Q: How are the front legs attached to the main skeleton?
A: By muscles (also accept ligaments)
505
(easy)
Q: How many pairs of ribs does a horse have?
A: 18
506
(easy)
Q: How many ribs does a Percheron have?
A: 36 or 18 pairs
508
(easy)
Q: What part of the foot is between the wall & frog?
A: Sole
CAHA8/HIH230-2
CAHA8/HIH230-2
HIH505-1
509
(easy)
HIH525-1
Q: What is the name for the soft, spongy part of the horse's foot?
A: Frog
510
(easy)
Q: What is the term for the outside part of the hoof?
A: Wall
HIH505-1
511
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: The elbow, knee & fetlock are all joints on which leg?
A: Front
512
(easy)
HIH202-3
Q: The stifle, hock & fetlock are all joints on which leg?
A: Rear
513
(easy)
TH693/HIH505-1
Q: What part of the foot separates the wall & the sole?
A: White line
514
(easy)
Q: What joint is located between the fetlock & stifle?
A: Hock
HIH220-6
515
(easy)
Q: Where is the white line located?
A: Between the wall & sole
CAHA24/HIH505-1
516
(easy)
CAHA4/HH39
Q: What is the proper name for the lock of hair falling forward over the horse's face?
A: Forelock
517
(easy)
Q: What is the usual color of the horse's eye?
A: Brown
TH81/HH7/HIH465-1
518
(easy)
CAHA1/HIH220-3
Q: What part of the horse lies between the knee & fetlock?
A: Cannon
519
(easy)
Q: What is the term for the base of a horse's tail?
A: Dock or tail head
CAHA1/H2-35/DET262
520
(easy)
CAHA4/HH9
Q: What is the term for the horny growth found at the back of the fetlock?
A: Ergot
521
(easy)
TH12/BEG119-1L
Q: Which structures carry blood away from the heart?
A: Arteries
522
(easy)
CAHA1/HH8
Q: What part of the horse is located directly above the stifle?
A: Thigh
523
(easy)
TH142/HH8
Q: What is the part of the horse located between the rump & the quarter?
A: Buttocks
524
(easy)
HIH230-6
Q: 2 part question: How many pasterns does a horse have & what is the best angle?
A: 4 pasterns; 45 - 50 degree angle is best
(accept any number in range)
525
(easy)
HH37
Q: What part of the horse's anatomy is located between the coronet & the ground?
A: The hoof
526
(easy)
TH98/HS9
Q: The muscles that control leg movement terminate where?
A: At the knees & hocks
527
(easy)
Q: What is located between the elbow & the knee?
A: The forearm
HIH220-3
528
(easy)
HIH220-6
Q: What is the term for the area between the last rib & the croup?
A: Coupling or loin
529
(easy)
Q: What is another name for the fetlock joint?
A: Ankle
HIH220-3
530
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: On the front leg of a horse, which should be longer the forearm or the cannon?
A: The forearm
531
(easy)
TH154/HH8
Q: Give 2 names for the area of the horse between the loin & the buttock
A: Croup, rump
532
(easy)
TH49/HH49
Q: What part of the foot is located between the plantar cushion & the insensitive frog?
A: Sensitive frog
533
(easy)
TH98/HS9, H2-27
Q: Why is it difficult for cuts, bruises, etc. to heal below the knees or hocks?
A: There are no muscles below knees & hocks; therefore the blood supply is limited
534
(easy)
Q: What is the main purpose of the red blood cells?
A: To transport oxygen to the tissues & organs
HIH830-1
535
(easy)
HIH830-1
Q: What is the easiest way to determine if the cardiovascular system is working?
A: Heart rate or pulse
536
(easy)
HIH840-1
Q: When a horse's muscle shortens, is the muscle contracting or relaxing?
A: Contracting
537
(easy)
HIH840-1
Q: When a horse's muscle lengthens, is the muscle contracting or relaxing?
A: Relaxing
538
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: The gaskin is located between which 2 joints of the horse's rear leg?
A: Stifle & hock
539
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What is the name of the muscular part of the hind leg above the hock?
A: Gaskin
540
(easy)
Q: The set of the feet & legs affects what?
A: The action
HIH1100-8/HH12/TH150,179
541
(easy)
TH150,179/HIH220-3
Q: What do you call the curved covering of horn over the foot?
A: Hoof
542
(easy)
Q: What is the purpose of the deep flexor tendon?
A: Flexes the hoof/leg
HIH220-3/TH696
543
(easy)
Q: What is the purpose of the extensor tendon?
A: Extends the hoof/leg
TH696/HIH220-3
544
(easy)
Q: What is the ideal slope of the shoulder?
A: 45 - 50 degrees
(accept any number in range)
HIH220-6
545
(easy)
Q: What is another name for the loin?
A: Coupling
HIH220-6
546
(easy)
TH80/HH8
Q: What is another name for the chestnuts on a horse's leg?
A: Nighteyes
547
(easy)
TH151/HIH220-3
Q: What is the name for the part of the horse located at the junction of the neck & back?
A: Withers
548
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What do you call the measurement around the horse's body just back of the withers?
A: Girth or heartgirth
549
(easy)
FCH120/HIH230-2/HH8/CAHA1
Q: What part of the horse lies between the withers & the point of the shoulder?
A: Shoulder (also accept thorax or scapula)
550
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: Where is the gaskin located?
A: Below the stifle
(also accept above hock or between hock & stifle)
551
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: On a horse, what do you call the distinct space between the jawbone & neck?
A: Throatlatch
552
(easy)
Q: Where is the urine stored in the horse?
A: Bladder
CAHA68/H3-6
553
(easy)
HIH505-5
Q: What bone is located between the cannon bone & the short pastern?
A: Long pastern
(also accept 1st or proximal phalanx)
554
(easy)
Q: What is the purpose of the 3rd eyelid?
A: Remove/prevent foreign bodies from the eye
TH126/HS4
555
(easy)
Q: Who has better hearing - you or your horse?
A: Your horse
TH121/HIH1220-2
556
(easy)
HIH505-5
Q: What bone is located at the lowest point in the hoof?
A: Coffin bone
557
(easy)
CAHA1/HH8
Q: The forearm of the horse lies between what 2 parts?
A: Arm & knee OR elbow & knee (accept either)
558
(easy)
Q: How many chambers are in a horse's heart?
A: 4
CAHA58/HIH830-1
559
(easy)
Q: What is the name of the joint above the pastern?
A: Fetlock OR ankle
HIH220-3
560
(easy)
CAHA6/H2-7
Q: What is the name of the structure that protects the vital organs?
A: Skeleton
561
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What is the cannon?
A: Lower leg bone below the knee/hock & above the fetlock
562
(easy)
HIH220-6
Q: Sharp, prominent & well defined describes what part of the horse?
A: Withers
563
(easy)
Q: What 2 bones meet in the fetlock joint?
A: Cannon & long pastern
HIH505-5
564
(easy)
HH9/TH142/CAHA1
Q: What do you call the upper curved part of the neck?
A: Crest
565
(easy)
Q: Where is the croup?
A: Part of the back just in front of the tail
HIH220-3
566
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: The top of a horse's head just back of the ears is called what?
A: Poll
567
(easy)
HS4/TH126/HIH465-1
Q: A third eyelid or membrane in front of the eye which removes foreign bodies from the eye is called what?
A: Haw or nictitating membrane
568
(easy)
Q: What is an ergot?
A: A horny growth behind the fetlock joint
HH9
569
(easy)
HH8/CAHA4/TH128
Q: The horny growths on the insides of horses' legs are called what?
A: Chestnuts or nighteyes
570
(easy)
Q: What is the varnish-like layer of the hoof called?
A: Periople
HIH505-6/CAHA24
571
(easy)
Q: Where is the pastern found?
A: Between the coronet band & fetlock
HIH220-3
572
(easy)
HIH220-3/DET69
Q: Where is the coronet band located?
A: Hairline above the hoof OR a band around the top of the hoof from which the hoof wall grows
573
(easy)
Q: What is the band directly above the hoof called?
A: Coronet band or coronary band
HIH220-3
574
(easy)
HH9/TH142/CAHA1
Q: Where is the crest?
A: Area located under the mane OR the top line of the neck
575
(easy)
HS4/TH126
Q: In connection with the eye, what does the term "haw" mean?
A: Third eyelid or nictitating membrane
576
(easy)
HIH220-6
Q: What part of the top line has no bone structure for support other than the lumbar vertebrae?
A: Loin or coupling
577
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What is another term for the trunk area of the horse?
A: Barrel
578
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What do you call the area at the end of the head, which includes the lips & nostrils?
A: Muzzle
579
(easy)
HIH830-1
Q: What is the largest muscular organ of the cardiovascular system?
A: Heart
580
(easy)
HIH830-2
Q: What could cause the heart rate to increase?
A: Increased activity/exercise, anxiety/stress, illness, fever
(only need to give one)
581
(easy)
Q: What is the largest tissue mass in a horse's body?
A: Muscles
HIH840-1
582
(easy)
HIH100-3
Q: Define the exact area of your horse's heartgirth.
A: Belly area directly behind the front legs OR measurement around the body just back of the withers
583
(easy)
Q: Where is the horse known for being ticklish?
A: Flank
HH8
584
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: Where is the throatlatch on a horse located?
A: Where the jawbone & neck connect OR space between the jawbone & neck
585
(easy)
Q: What is located between the back & the croup?
A: Loin or coupling
HIH220-3,6
586
(easy)
Q: What joint is located between the hock & the hip?
A: Stifle
HIH220-3
587
(easy)
HIH220-3/HH8
Q: Name the part of the horse's back just in front of the tail.
A: Croup or rump
588
(easy)
Q: Where is the coffin bone?
A: In the foot
HIH505-5
589
(easy)
Q: What are chestnuts?
A: Horny growths on the inside of a horse's legs
HH8/CAHA4/TH128
590
(easy)
Q: What is located between the forehead & muzzle?
A: Face
HIH220-3
591
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What joint is located between the shoulder & knee?
A: Elbow
592
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: What joint is located between the elbow & fetlock?
A: Knee
593
(easy)
HIH220-3
Q: The part of the horse between the withers & loin is called what?
A: Back
594
(easy)
Q: What is the main role of the hindquarters?
A: Propulsion
HIH220-6/TH152
595
(easy)
HH39/TH129
Q: What is the purpose of the long feeler hairs around the muzzle?
A: Help the horse make contact with his surroundings especially in the dark
596
(easy)
HH4,8/TH80
Q: What is a common name for a horny growth on the inside of the legs sometimes referred to as nighteyes?
It's also a term used to describe a coat color
A: Chestnut
597
(easy)
HIH220-6
Q: What part of the horse is important in keeping the saddle in place?
A: Withers
598
(easy)
Q: The cornea, sclera, choroid, iris & retina are all parts of what?
A: The eye
HIH465-1
599
(easy)
BEG119
Q: To which side of the heart does blood return from the body?
A: Right
600
(easy)
H1-34
Q: Cowlicks commonly occur on what part of the horse?
A: Head, neck or throatlatch
(only need to give one)
601
(easy)
ADV321-2
Q: The sole of the hoof is flatter on which pair of feet, front or rear?
A: Front
602
(easy)
ADV325-2
Q: Which system in the horse consists of the blood, blood vessels & heart?
A: Cardiovascular or circulatory
603
(easy)
Q: The term "respiration rate" refers to what.
A: Number of breaths taken per minute
HIH810
604
(easy)
HH48 picture/TH695
Q: The wall of a horse's hoof will be thickest in which area?
A: Toe
605
(easy)
HIH505-7
Q: What part of the horse's foot contains the greatest amount of moisture?
A: Frog
606
(easy)
HH8
Q: Nighteyes is another name for what structure on the horse?
A: Chestnuts
607
(easy)
HIH465-1
Q: What is the term for the opening in the iris of a horse's eye?
A: Pupil
608
(easy)
Q: Where are the cervical vertebrae located?
A: Neck
HIH230-2
609
(easy)
Q: How many cervical vertebrae does a horse have?
A: 7
HIH230-2/TH96
610
(easy)
Q: The horse's eye is lubricated by what fluid?
A: Tears or lacrimal fluid
HIH465-2/CAHA4-5
611
(easy)
HIH465-1
Q: What structure is the first protection for the horse's eye?
A: Eyelids
612
(easy)
HIH505-7
Q: What part of the horse's foot contains the least amount of moisture?
A: The wall
613
(easy)
HIH810-1
Q: When breathing, what is the main gas that's exhaled?
A: Carbon dioxide
614
(easy)
HIH230-2 H2-35
Q: What is another name for the horse's shoulder blade?
A: Scapula
615
(easy)
Q: What is another name for the scapula?
A: Shoulder blade
HIH230-2/H2-35
616
(easy)
Q: What is the correct term for the lower jawbone?
A: Mandible
CAHA41/H2-6
617
(easy)
Q: What is the mandible?
A: Lower jawbone
CAHA41/H2-6
618
(easy)
HIH230-1
Q: The durability of a horse to do work depends on what?
A: On his action OR his feet & legs
MEDIUM
619
(medium)
TH117
Q: Where is a large supply of the horse's red blood cells stored?
A: Spleen
620
(medium)
FCH188
Q: 2 part question: For a horse, what is the first line of defense against cold & what is the second line of
defense?
A: First—hair coat;
second—fat
(additional info - provides insulation)
621
(medium)
ES60
Q: Research indicates that horses do see in color. However, they may have more difficulty seeing which color?
A: Red
622
(medium)
CAHA23
Q: The blood supply to the foot is furnished by what two digital arteries?
A: Medial & lateral
623
(medium)
CAHA4
Q: What are tactile hairs?
A: The coarse, "feeling" hairs that protrude from around the nostrils, lips & eyelids OR whiskers
624
(medium)
CAHA4
Q: Being specific, where are chestnuts located on a horse?
A: Front legs - inside surface above the knees;
hind legs - inside surface of legs at bottom of hock
625
(medium)
Q: What is the largest joint in the horse?
A: Stifle
TH691
626
(medium)
CAHA4
Q: Name 2 locations on the horse where you would find tactile hairs.
A: Eyelids, nostrils, lips, muzzle
627
(medium)
CAHA12
Q: What is another name for the distal sesamoid bone?
A: Navicular
628
(medium)
Q: What is the name of the first cervical vertebrae?
A: Atlas
CAHA7
629
(medium)
TH322
Q: What is another name for the mare's mammary gland?
A: Udder
630
(medium)
CAHA57
Q: Explain the functional difference between arteries & veins
A: Arteries carry blood away from heart to body;
veins carry blood back to heart
631
(medium)
Q: What is the horse's auricle?
A: External/outer ear
CAHA43
632
(medium)
Q: What are the first 2 cervical vertebrae called?
A: Atlas & axis
CAHA7
633
(medium)
TH119
Q: What system is responsible for collecting & removing the fluid waste materials from the body?
A: Urinary
634
(medium)
TH111
Q: Simultaneously, blood enters the right atrium from the body & the left atrium from where?
A: Lungs
635
(medium)
Q: What is the main bone between the stifle & hock?
A: Tibia
CAHA6,1
636
(medium)
TH90
Q: In the skull, what is protected by the orbital cavity?
A: Eyes
637
(medium)
CAHA57
Q: What is the name of the primary vessel that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body?
A: Aorta
638
(medium)
TH126
Q: How does a hormone get to a distant part of the body?
A: Through the bloodstream (circulatory system)
639
(medium)
BEG106-3
Q: What is the name of the bone that's shaped like a miniature hood?
A: Coffin bone
640
(medium)
CAHA58
Q. Name one of the functions of the heart that make the sounds you can hear with a stethoscope?
A. Rush of blood, closing of heart valves
641
(medium)
Q: In what units is respiration measured?
A: Breaths per minute (BPM)
HIH810-1
642
(medium)
TH141
Q: A horse uses what 2 parts of its body to aid in stability & balance?
A: Head & neck
643
(medium)
CAHA10
Q: The radius & ulna comprise what structure of the horse?
A: Forearm
644
(medium)
ADV323
Q: What is measured from the chest floor to the top of the withers?
A: Depth of heart
645
(medium)
Q: What is the orbital cavity?
A: Bony socket that surrounds & protects the eye
CAHA41
646
(medium)
TH98
Q: Do the front legs or hind legs have the most joints?
A: Hind
647
(medium)
CAHA8
Q: How many bones are in the sternum?
A: One
(additional info not necessary to give – manubrium & xyphoid are cartilaginous attachments)
648
(medium)
Q: Where does formation of red blood cells occur?
A: Bone marrow
CAHA63
649
(medium)
CAHA45
Q: What part of the eyeball allows light to pass through to the lens?
A: Cornea
(also accept pupil)
650
(medium)
Q: What controls cannon, pastern & foot actions?
A: Ligaments & tendons
TH98
651
(medium)
TH322
Q: In reference to a mare’s udder, how many teats does a mare have?
A: 2
652
(medium)
ES160
Q: In regards to anatomy, why is it best to listen to the heartbeat from the left side of the horse's body?
A: Heart is closer to left side
653
(medium)
Q: Why can't a horse breathe through its mouth?
A: Blocking action of the soft palate
HIH810-1
654
(medium)
TH129
Q: Name 2 areas of hair on the horse that do not shed.
A: Mane, tail, eyelashes, tactile hairs
655
(medium)
Q: Muscles are attached to bones by what?
A: Tendons
TH90
656
(medium)
HIH1100-8
Q: What is another name given to the chin area of your horse?
A: Curb groove or chin groove
657
(medium)
Q: Where is the hypothalamus located?
A: Base of the brain
CAHA77/HIH910-5
658
(medium)
Q: Name the 4 parts of the topline.
A: Withers, back, loin/coupling, croup/rump
HIH220-6
659
(medium)
TH89
Q: What is the name of the science that studies the structure of the animal & the relationship of its parts?
A: Anatomy
660
(medium)
DET67/TH126
Q. What is the common name for the membrane of the eye that helps remove foreign materials from the eye?
It's also called the third eyelid or nictitating membrane?
A. Haw
661
(medium)
HIH425-1,535-2
Q: Two grooves separate the sole from the frog. These are called what?
A: Collateral grooves, commissures, or sulci (accept any)
662
(medium)
TH145
Q: The spring-like action which absorbs concussion during movement is called what?
A: Shock absorption
663
(medium)
TH104
Q: Why is it important for a horse to have large nostrils?
A: To allow for maximum air intake because a horse can't breathe through its' mouth
664
(medium)
Q: How many bones are in the horse's body?
A: 205
TH90/CAHA8
665
(medium)
Q: What is another name for the trachea?
A: Windpipe
HIH810-1
666
(medium)
Q: Name the two major components of blood.
A: Plasma & cells
TH117
667
(medium)
Q: What is the technical name for the windpipe?
A: Trachea
HIH810-1
668
(medium)
Q: Where is the pituitary gland located?
A: Base of the brain
CAHA77
669
(medium)
Q: What is the chin groove?
A: Small indentation between the chin & jaw
DET55
670
(medium)
Q: What color are a horse's hooves at birth?
A: Usually white
TH82
671
(medium)
DET72
Q. What part of the horse’s body does the term cranial refer to?
A. The skull/head OR the end of the body toward the head
672
(medium)
HIH810-1
Q: If the horse increases its movement, does the minute volume go up or down?
A: Up
673
(medium)
Q: What is another name for the respiration rate?
A: Respiratory frequency
HIH810-1
674
(medium)
HIH505-5
Q: What arteries provide blood to the sensitive structures of the foot?
A: Digital arteries
(medial & lateral digital arteries)
accept either general or specific
675
(medium)
HIH810-1
Q: What is the term for the amount of air inspired in one minute?
A: Minute volume
676
(medium)
TH688
Q: What part of the horse has a distinctive pattern that can be used to positively identify a particular horse?
A: Chestnuts
677
(medium)
TH89
Q: The sciences that study the relationship of form to function are called what?
A: Anatomy & physiology
678
(medium)
TH90
Q: What is the difference between ligaments & tendons?
A: Ligaments hold bones together;
Tendons attach muscle to bone
679
(medium)
TH96/HS8
Q: What is the most flexible portion of the spine?
A: Cervical
(neck area)
680
(medium)
TH96
Q: What term refers to the upper surface of the vertebrae?
A: Spinous process
681
(medium)
HIH505-4
Q: What is the primary purpose of the digital cushion?
A: Shock absorption
(additional info -- also assists in blood circulation)
682
(medium)
Q: What is the shape of the digital cushion?
A: Wedge shaped
HIH505-4
683
(medium)
TH154
Q: What is the hardest working joint in the horse's legs?
A: Hock
684
(medium)
Q: Where are the lateral cartilages located?
A: On the sides or wings of the coffin bone
HIH505-5
685
(medium)
TH98
Q: Which bone in the horse is similar to the human kneecap?
A: Patella of stifle joint
686
(medium)
Q: What is depth of heart?
A: Measurement from top of withers to chest floor
ADV323
687
(medium)
TH98
Q: Which joint of the horse is similar to the human heel?
A: Hock or tarsus
688
(medium)
Q: What is the main bone of the forearm called?
A: Radius
TH97
689
(medium)
TH97
Q: What is the heaviest & strongest bone in the horse's body?
A: Femur
690
(medium)
Q: Why do injuries to ligaments heal slowly?
A: They have a limited blood supply
TH98
691
(medium)
Q: Are skeletal muscles voluntary or involuntary?
A: Voluntary
TH99
692
(medium)
TH104
Q: What is the primary purpose of the respiratory system?
A: Oxygenate blood
693
(medium)
Q: Why can a horse rest standing up?
A: Legs have a locking mechanism
TH708
(also accept stay apparatus)
694
(medium)
CAHA27
Q: The digital cushion fills the area between the frog & what tendon?
A: Deep digital flexor tendon
695
(medium)
Q: What artery is the main blood supply to the head?
A: Carotid
CAHA61
696
DET129
(medium)
Q: What is the name for the tendon located above the hock?
A. Hamstring (also accept common calcaneal tendon & Achilles tendon)
697
(medium)
Q: Where on the horse would you find the sternum?
A: Chest
CAHA8
698
(medium)
CAHA2
Q: 2 part question: What directional term refers to a structure located closer to the head &what term refers
to a structure closer to the tail?
A: Cranial is closer to the head;
caudal is closer to the tail
699
(medium)
CAHA4/TH126
Q: What system produces chemical substances called hormones?
A. Endocrine system
700
(medium)
Q: What is physiology?
A: Study of the function of the body systems
DET211
701
(medium)
CAHA5
Q: What type of nerve brings sensations of pressure, pain, heat & cold from the nerve endings?
A: Sensory
702
(medium)
INT229-1-3
Q: Where is the horse's counterpart to the human knee?
A: Stifle
703
(medium)
CAHA21
Q: The stay apparatus is a mechanism that enables the horse to do what?
A: Sleep standing up
(also prevents overextension & reduces concussion)
704
(medium)
Q: What 2 areas of the horse each contain 40 bones?
A: Front & hind legs
CAHA6
705
(medium)
CAHA7
Q: Where would one find the coccygeal vertebrae part of the spinal column?
A: Tail
706
(medium)
TH90
Q: What is the proper name for the bony socket that surrounds & protects the eye?
A: Orbital cavity
707
(medium)
TH687/HIH505-4
Q: What are the small wing-like structures on each side of the coffin bone called?
A: Wings of coffin bone OR lateral cartilages
708
(medium)
CAHA57
Q: Which artery carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?
A: Pulmonary
709
(medium)
CAHA23
Q: The medial & lateral digital arteries furnish blood to what part of the horse?
A: Foot
710
(medium)
CAHA4
Q: The coarse feeling hairs that protrude from around the nostrils, lips, & eyelids are called what?
A: Tactile hairs
711
(medium)
TH111
Q: You do the math… Your horse’s resting heart rate is 32 beats per minute. The stroke volume or amount of
blood pumped during each heart contraction is approximately 1 liter. What is the cardiac output for this
horse?
A. Approximately 32 liters per minute
(info only – cardiac output equals stroke volume x heart rate)
712
(medium)
Q: What is cardiac output?
A: How much blood the heart can pump in one minute
ADV325-2
(additional info - stroke volume x heart rate)
713
(medium)
TH594
Q: What artery is located under the jaw bone at the last cheek tooth & can be used to take a pulse?
A: Facial artery
714
(medium)
Q: Which are the smallest blood vessels?
A: Capillaries
CAHA57
715
(medium)
Q: What is the definition of respiratory frequency?
A: Number of breaths taken per minute
HIH895-1
716
(medium)
TH695
Q: What term describes the point of the frog towards the toe?
A: Apex
717
(medium)
DET104
Q: What is the general term for the last 10 pairs of ribs—those not connected to the sternum?
A: False ribs or floating ribs
718
(medium)
Q: Where on the horse are there no sweat glands?
A: Legs
TH129
719
(medium)
TH96
Q: What joint is commonly referred to as the "yes-no" joint?
A: Atlas - axis joint OR atlantoaxial joint OR joint between the 1st & 2nd vertebrae
720
(medium)
ES21
Q: 2 part question: How many chestnuts do asses & donkeys have & where are they located?
A: Two; on the insides of front legs only
721
(medium)
Q: During exercise, body heat is primarily produced by what system?
A: Muscular
722
(medium)
Q: What is an obligate nasal breather?
A: Animal that breathes only through the nose
FCH199
HIH705-1
(also accept -- can't breathe through mouth)
723
(medium)
CAHA8
Q: Which pairs of ribs are fastened to the sternum by cartilage & are called true ribs?
A: First 8 pairs
724
(medium)
DET778
Q: Name the tendon connecting the deep muscles of the back of the leg to the coffin bone.
A: Deep digital flexor tendon/deep flexor tendon
725
(medium)
Q: Name the 2 components of the skeletal system.
A: Bones & ligaments
TH90
726
(medium)
Q: Which blood cells aid in clotting?
A: Platelets
HIH830-1
727
(medium)
BEG106-1
Q: Describe the difference between sensitive & insensitive structures of the hoof.
A: Sensitive - contain blood vessels & nerves; insensitive - has no blood vessels or nerves
728
(medium)
CAHA7/TH90
Q: What body SYSTEM do irregular bones protect?
A: Nervous system
(additional info only – also protects spinal cord – question asks specifically for system)
729
(medium)
Q: In the horse's body, what holds bones to bones?
A: Ligaments
TH9
730
(medium)
DET214
Q: What is the name of the clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood in which various blood cells are suspended?
A: Plasma
731
(medium)
Q: What is the purpose of synovial fluid?
A: Lubricates joints
TH90
732
(medium)
CAHA5/DET97
Q: What is the purpose of the epiglottis?
A: Prevents food from entering the larynx/trachea when swallowing
733
(medium)
DET80
Q: What is the name of the muscle that separates the abdominal & the thoracic cavities?
A: Diaphragm
734
(medium)
TH119
Q: What organ provides a blood filtering system that is responsible for the excretion of many waste products
from the body?
A: Kidney
735
(medium)
DET242
Q: Where are the proximal sesamoid bones located?
A: At rear of fetlock joint
(info only -- distal sesamoid or navicular is in the hoof)
736
(medium)
TH696
Q: Name the fibro-elastic, fatty cushion in the foot that acts as a shock absorber.
A: Digital cushion
737
(medium)
TH80
Q: What do a horse's chestnuts & a human's fingerprints have in common?
A: Both have unique patterns that can be used to identify individuals
738
(medium)
CAHA8
Q: The head of each rib of a horse is attached to what structure?
A: Vertebrae
739
(medium)
Q: What gland controls the metabolic rate?
A: Thyroid
TH127
740
(medium)
Q: Where is the femoral artery?
A: Hind leg
TH706
741
(medium)
HIH810
Q: What is the name of the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen & carbon dioxide are exchanged?
A: Alveoli
742
(medium)
DET144
Q: Name the bone that extends from the shoulder to the elbow.
A: Humerus
743
(medium)
DET158
Q: What is the name of the place of union or junction between two or more bones of the skeleton?
A: Joint
744
(medium)
CAHA57
Q: Which chamber of the heart is the primary pumping chamber for moving oxygenated blood to the body?
A: Left ventricle
745
(medium)
DET70
Q: The coupling is the pivot point of the horse's back & is supported by which section of the horse's
vertebrae?
A: Lumbar
746
(medium)
DET167
Q: The lens focuses the light rays to form an image on what structure?
A: Retina
747
(medium)
Q: What is the major function of the thyroid gland?
A: Controls metabolic rate
TH127
748
(medium)
Q: Define the term "stroke volume".
A: Amount of blood the heart pumps with each beat
DET258
749
(medium)
DET92
Q: Which body system has glands that produce hormones to regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism &
digestion?
A: Endocrine
750
(medium)
TH120
Q: What part of the brain controls respiration & blood pressure?
A: Brainstem
751
(medium)
Q: What is the external part of the ear called?
A: Auricle
CAHA43
752
(medium)
TH123/DET69
Q: What is the first structure that light entering the horse's eye would pass through?
A: Cornea
753
(medium)
TH82
Q: In a wall-eyed horse, which specific structure of the eye is light blue or hazel in color?
A: Iris
754
(medium)
DET47
Q: 2 part question: Which are the smallest blood vessels & what do they connect?
A: Capillaries; connect arteries with veins
755
(medium)
CAHA21, 36
Q: 2 part question: What is the stay mechanism & what is its purpose?
A: Stay mechanism is a function where the joints of the legs are locked in position by a system of muscles &
ligaments. It allows the horse to rest in an upright position without falling over.
756
(medium)
TH114
Q: Which muscle has the largest increase in blood flow during exercise?
A: Diaphragm
757
(medium)
HS-34
Q: The soft, fleshy part of a horse's heel is called what?
A: Bulb
758
(medium)
CAHA28/DET156
Q: The ileum & ischium are 2 of the bones that make up what structure of the horse?
A: Pelvis
759
(medium)
DET75
Q: What is the name of the area on the horse's head where the curb chain should rest?
A: Curb groove or chin groove
760
(medium)
HIH830-1
Q: In what part of the vascular system does the majority of exchange of substances in & out of blood occur?
A: Capillaries
761
(medium)
Q: What is the primary function of the short bones?
A: Absorb concussion
TH90
762
(medium)
CAHA68
Q: In the horse's renal system, what structure connects the kidney to the bladder?
A: Ureter
763
(medium)
Q: What is the name of the upper jaw bone?
A: Maxilla
FCH395H2-35
764
(medium)
HIH850-4
Q: What is the term for how much blood the heart can pump in one minute?
A: Cardiac output
765
(medium)
TH689
Q: What is the least moveable joint in the horse's leg?
A: Pastern
766
(medium)
CAHA19
Q: The forces exerted by muscles in the foreleg are transmitted by tendons. Generally muscles are not found
below what joint of the foreleg?
A: Knee or carpus
767
(medium)
DET167/CAHA78
Q: In the horse's eye, focused light rays which form the image on the retina are transmitted to the brain by
what nerve?
A: Optic nerve
768
(medium)
CAHA58
Q: The coronary arteries are the first branches off the aorta & carry blood to what structure?
A: Heart
769
(medium)
CAHA77
Q: Name one of the two endocrine glands that are attached to the brain.
A: Pituitary gland, pineal gland
770
(medium)
TH695/CAHA24/DET62
Q: The frog is a wedge-shaped mass that occupies the area between what structures at the heel of the foot?
A: Bars
(also accept commissures, sulci, collateral grooves)
771
(medium)
TH126
Q: What structure in the brain controls the release of hormones by the pituitary gland?
A: Hypothalamus
772
(medium)
Q: Where is the horse's occipital crest located?
A: Top of the head between the ears OR poll area
DET194
773
(medium)
CAHA50
Q: What is the common term for the vallate, foliate, & fungiform papillae that are found on the tongue?
A: Taste buds
774
(medium)
CAHA50
Q: What bony structure in the oral cavity separates it from the nasal cavity?
A: Hard palate
775
(medium)
Q: What is another name for the horse’s knee?
A: Carpus
TH689/DET48
776
(medium)
CAHA16/DET176
Q: 2 part question: Name & give the function of the large muscle located on either side of the face. It sits
beneath the ear & covers the mandible.
A: Masseter muscle; Function - chewing
777
(medium)
TH696
Q: Muscles that work together to accomplish a movement are called synergists. What is the term for muscles
that oppose each other & limit movement?
A: Antagonists
778
(medium)
DET37
Q: What is the part of the brain that controls basic body functions such as temperature, respiration & heart
rate?
A: Brain stem (specifically medulla oblongata) accept either general or specific term
779
(medium)
HIH220-6/DET216
Q: What is the term for the pivot point of the back that is located at the area between the last rib & croup?
A: Coupling or loin
780
(medium)
CAHA78
Q: What is the proper name for the cranial nerve that provides the horse with a sense of smell?
A: Olfactory nerve
781
(medium)
TH686/CAHA12/DET60
Q: Which bone of the horse am I describing? The bone is very porous. Blood vessels pass in & out of the
pores. Lateral cartilages are attached to the wings of this bone.
A: Coffin bone
(also accept 3rd phalanx, distal phalanx, pedal bone)
782
(medium)
HIH465-1
Q: Give 2 purposes of the nictitating membrane.
A: Remove foreign bodies from the eye, protect eye from trauma, smooth tear film over eye
783
(medium)
CAHA15
Q: What is the proper name for the layers of loose, dense fibrous connective tissue that are found superficially
under the skin & deep covering the muscles?
A: Fascia
784
(medium)
Q. What is the outermost layer of skin?
A. Epidermis
DET97
785
(medium)
HIH465-1
Q: In the horse's eye, there are cells known as rods & cones. Which one of these is responsible for low light
vision & motion detection?
A: Rods
786
(medium)
HIH465-1
Q: In the horse's eye, there are cells known as rods & cones. Which one of these is responsible for day & color
vision?
A: Cones
787
(medium)
CAHA59
Q: What vein in the horse's neck is commonly used to draw blood samples?
A: Jugular vein
788
(medium)
CAHA50
Q: Through which body cavity does the esophagus travel on its way to emptying into the stomach?
A: Thoracic cavity
789
(medium)
CAHA7
Q: The terms transverse process, spinous process, foramen, & arch are used to describe which bones?
A: Vertebrae (spinal bones)
790
(medium)
DET102
Q: What is the name for the outer protective layer of the horse's eye?
A: Cornea
791
(medium)
Q: The first phalanx is just below what long bone?
A: Cannon or 3rd metacarpal
CAHA6
792
(medium)
CAHA57
Q: The blood leaving the right ventricle of the heart by the pulmonary artery flows into what organ?
A: Lungs
793
(medium)
DET110
Q: When fluorescein dye is applied to the surface of the eye, it will indicate any damaged areas of what
structure of the eye?
A: Cornea
794
(medium)
TH89
Q: What system in the horse's body includes the brain, spinal cord, & associated nerves & special sensors?
A: Nervous system
HARD
795
(hard)
TH126-27/HS23
Q: Name a hormone produced by the pituitary gland
A: Prolactin, FSH, LH, growth hormone, oxytocin, TSH, ACTH, vasopressin
796
(hard)
Q: What is the study of hormones & their effects called?
A: Endocrinology
HIH910-5
797
(hard)
Q: What is endocrinology?
A: Study of hormones & their effects
TH126
798
(hard)
Q: What structure begins the healing process when a bone fracture occurs?
A: Periosteum
CAHA6
799
(hard)
TH99
Q: 2 part question: The muscles of a horse's body are classified as smooth, cardiac, & skeletal. Which are
voluntary & which are involuntary?
A: Skeletal are voluntary;
smooth & cardiac are involuntary
800
(hard
HS14
Q: Define the term "anatomy".
A: Science of the structure of the animal's body & the relationship of its parts
801
(hard)
HIH505-3
Q: What is the name of the internal foot structure that serves as a means of attachment for the hoof wall &
the coffin bone?
A: Sensitive laminae
Also accept laminae
802
(hard)
CAHA10
Q: 2 part question: If the horse has a fracture of the olecranon, what bone & joint would be involved?
A: Bone = Ulna;
Joint = Elbow
803
(hard)
TH227
Q: Osteoblasts form a protein matrix that ultimately forms what tissue?
A: Bone
804
(hard)
HIH505-1
Q: What structure transfers the horse’s weight from the bony structure to the hoof wall?
A: Laminae
805
(hard)
HIH810-1
Q: What is the term for the total amount of inspired air inspired in one breath?
A: Tidal volume
806
(hard)
HIH810-2
Q: What is the term for low oxygen saturation in the blood?
A: Hypoxemia
807
(hard)
CAHA12
Q: What common name is given to the 3rd phalanx bone of the foot?
A: Coffin bone or pedal bone
809
(hard)
HIH505-2
Q: Why are the sensitive structures of the horse's feet called sensitive?
A: Because they contain many blood vessels & nerve endings; injury to them causes bleeding & pain
810
(hard)
DET53
Q: Which part of the brain controls the coordination of movement?
A: Cerebellum
811
(hard)
TH97
Q: What is the difference between true ribs & false ribs?
A: True ribs attach to the sternum by cartilage; false ribs connect to each other by cartilage & then
connect to the sternum
813
(hard)
CAHA9
Q: What is the name of the membrane that covers non-articulating surfaces of bone?
A: Periosteum
814
(hard)
HIH230-2 picture
Q: Which vertebrae of a horse is the most upright member of the spinal column?
A: 15th (also accepted - thoracic)
815
(hard)
HIH1100-8
Q: 2 part question: Can you explain where the gaskin is & what it ties into?
A: Gaskin muscle is between the hock & stifle; it ties into the thigh
816
(hard)
TH154
Q: What do gaskin muscles have to do with the horse's stride?
A: Pulls the leg forward & enables propulsion
817
(hard)
TH123/HIH220-4
Q: What is a horse's degree of vision?
A: Approximately 300 degrees OR 215 degrees for each eye
818
(hard)
HIH840-1
Q: What is the basic contractile unit of skeletal muscles?
A: Sacromere
819
(hard)
HIH850-1
Q: Which type skeletal muscle is used for long-term, non-strenuous work & also provides endurance?
A: Type 1
820
(hard)
Q: Type 2B muscles are used for what?
A: Quick burst of speed for short distances
HIH850-1
821
(hard)
HIH850-1
Q: Which breed has the largest number of Type 2A muscles?
A: Thoroughbred
822
(hard)
Q: What are erythrocytes?
A: Red blood cells
HIH830-1
823
(hard)
Q: What are leukocytes?
A: White blood cells
HIH830-1
824
(hard)
HIH810-2
Q: At a gallop, respiration rate & stride rate are almost always coupled in what ratio?
A: 1 to 1
825
(hard)
Q: In the gallop, when does the horse exhale?
A: When the front legs make ground contact
HIH810-2
826
(hard)
TH689
Q: 2 part question: Which leg joint is subjected to the greatest strain & why?
A: Fetlock; it may support the full weight of the horse during certain gaits or movements such as jumping
827
(hard)
TH90
Q: What is one purpose of the long bones in the horse's body?
A: Act as levers, supports weight, locomotion, stores minerals
828
(hard)
TH90
Q: 2 part question: Where are the short bones located & what is their main purpose?
A: In complex joints such as knee & hock; absorb concussion (shock absorption)
829
(hard)
CAHA6
Q: How many bones form the basis of locomotion in the horse?
A: 80 (20 in each leg)
830
(hard)
TH90
Q: Which type bones enclose the body cavities containing vital organs & also provide large areas for muscle
attachment?
A: Flat bones
831
(hard)
TH90
Q: 2 part question: Where are the irregular bones located in the horse's skeleton & what is their purpose?
A: Spinal column (vertebrae); they protect the spinal cord
832
(hard)
Q: Which muscle type is fast twitch & fatigues easily?
A: Type 2
TH99
833
(hard)
Q: What provides the energy for muscle contraction?
A: ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
TH101
834
(hard)
TH104
Q: What is a secondary purpose of the respiratory system?
A: Temperature regulation
835
(hard)
CAHA56-58
Q: Name the cone-shaped muscular organ located between the lungs which propels blood by alternate
muscular contraction & relaxation?
A: Heart
836
(hard)
CAHA8
Q: What is the term for the ribs that do not connect directly to the sternum?
A: Floating ribs
837
(hard)
Q: In the horse, which gland secretes tears?
A: Lacrimal gland
CAHA5
838
(hard)
CAHA5
Q: The horse's skin is composed of 2 layers. What are they?
A: Epidermis & dermis
839
(hard)
CAHA5
Q: What is the common name for the apocrine tubular glands of the horse?
A: Sweat glands
840
(hard)
CAHA9
Q: Where on a bone would you NOT find the periosteum?
A: At the ends OR epiphyses OR points of articulation
841
(hard)
TH129
Q: What is the name for the long, individual hairs that often mix with the dense undercoat of the horse
especially under the belly?
A: Guard hairs or cat hairs
842
(hard)
CAHA7/TH96
Q: The increased height of the 3rd, 4th, & 5th thoracic vertebrae make up what part of the horse?
A: Withers
843
(hard)
CAHA6
Q: What is the triangular sesamoid bone that's situated at the front of the stifle?
A: Patella
844
(hard)
CAHA27
Q: The navicular bone & bursa are associated with which tendon?
A: Deep digital flexor tendon
845
(hard)
CAHA29
Q: What is the track-like structure on which the patella rides?
A: Trochlea
846
(hard)
CAHA55
Q: Name the organ in the abdominal cavity that stores blood, filters blood, & removes old blood cells.
A: Spleen
847
(hard)
TH90
Q: What is the name of the fluid that fills the sheaths around tendons & lines the inside of joints?
A: Synovial fluid
848
(hard)
TH122
Q: What is the name of the substance contained in the anterior chamber of the eye?
A: Aqueous humor
849
(hard)
CAHA68
Q: What substance produced by the horse contains nitrogen, sulfur, inorganic salts, & pigments?
A: Urine
850
(hard)
CAHA16
Q: What is the name of the longest & widest muscle in the horse's body?
A: Latissimus dorsi
851
(hard)
CAHA50
Q: What is the name of the flap that covers the opening into the windpipe during swallowing?
A: Epiglottis
852
(hard)
Q: What does interosseus mean?
A: Between bones
CAHA10
853
(hard)
CAHA36
Q: Which 2 joints in the rear leg have reciprocal action?
A: Hock & stifle
854
(hard)
Q: What is the lining of the abdominal wall called?
A: Peritoneum
CAHA56
855
(hard)
Q: What is the largest ligament in the leg?
A: Suspensory ligament
CAHA8
856
CAHA8
(hard)
Q: Where are the intercostal muscles located?
A: Between the ribs
857
(hard)
TH687
Q: The os coxae (ahs COX-ee) of a horse is also known as what?
A: Pelvis OR pelvic girdle
858
(hard)
TH59
Q: How many irregularly shaped flat bones make up the skull?
A: 34
859
(hard)
CAHA11
Q: What is the fluid-filled space between the iris & cornea called?
A: Anterior chamber
860
(hard)
Q: How many turbinates are in each nasal cavity?
A: Two
TH105
861
(hard)
Q: What are 2 purposes of the digital cushion?
A: Helps absorb shock & helps circulation of blood
HIH505-4
862
(hard)
CAHA68
Q: When the bladder is full, urine is discharged through what?
A: Urethra
863
(hard)
TH154/HS9
Q: Which muscle helps to pull the rear leg forward & enable propulsion, giving the horse a long, powerful
stride?
A: Gaskin
864
(hard)
CAHA12
Q: Which bone of the horse's foot serves as a pulley for the deep flexor tendon?
A: Navicular bone or distal sesamoid
865
(hard)
TH713
Q: Name the tendon responsible for the extension of the horse's toe & hoof.
A: Digital extensor tendon
866
(hard)
CAHA25
Q: Specifically, what part of the foot produces the periople?
A: Perioplic corium
867
(hard)
TH98
Q: Describe one function of the distal sesamoid or navicular bone.
A: Protects coffin joint, provides bearing surface/support for the deep digital flexor tendon
868
(hard)
CAHA43,65
Q: What is the structural basis for the ears & nostrils?
A: Cartilage
869
(hard)
Q: What is unique about the horse's ulna?
A: No bone marrow cavity
TH684
870
(hard)
CAHA14
Q: What 4 bones make up the fetlock joint?
A: Cannon, long pastern, & 2 proximal sesamoid bones
871
(hard)
CAHA57
Q: What is the anatomical name of the tubular tissue that generally carries oxygenated blood under high
pressure?
A: Artery
872
(hard)
CAHA57-58
Q: 2 part question: The heart is composed of how many chambers & what are their names?
A: 4; left ventricle, right ventricle, left atrium, right atrium
873
(hard)
CAHA10
Q: 2 part question: How many bones comprise the forearm & what are their names?
A: 2; radius & ulna
874
(hard)
CAHA2ok
Q: 2 part question: Explain proximal & distal.
A: Proximal is closest to the body;
distal is furthest from body
875
(hard)
CAHA16
Q: Where is the trapezius muscle located in the horse?
A: On each side of the withers
876
(hard)
CAHA5
Q: What is collagen?
A: Fibrous network that forms basic framework of body tissue
877
(hard)
CAHA5,80
Q: Where in the horse's body is epinephrine produced?
A: Adrenal gland
878
(hard)
TH96
Q: 2 part question: What is the name & function of the first & second vertebrae of the horse's spinal column?
A: Atlas - up/down flexion & neck extension;
Axis - left/right movement
879
(hard)
TH128
Q: The integumentary system refers to what body part?
A: Skin
880
(hard)
Q: What is the function of the horse's spleen?
A: Stores red blood cells
TH117
881
(hard)
Q: What is the name of the largest metacarpal?
A: Cannon bone
TH97
882
(hard)
TH97
Q: Over which section of the vertebral column does most of the saddle sit?
A: Thoracic
883
(hard)
TH429
Q: What type of white blood cells is found in the spleen & lymph nodes & is important in fighting infection?
A: Lymphocytes
884
(hard)
HIH910-5
Q: What is a hormone?
A: Body-regulating chemical secreted by a gland into the bloodstream
885
(hard)
Q: What is the function of erythrocytes?
A: Transport oxygen in blood
TH117
886
(hard)
Q: How many vertebrae are there?
A: 51-57
(accept any answer in range)
CAHA7
887
(hard)
Q: What kind of joint is the horse's elbow?
A: Hinge
TH688
888
(hard)
TH708
Q: What is the primary function of the suspensory ligament?
A: To prevent excessive overextension of the fetlock joint
889
(hard)
HIH various
Q: How much blood does an adult horse's body contain?
A: 50 liters OR 13.2 gallons
890
(hard)
CAHA14
Q: The long pastern, cannon & sesamoid bones make up what joint of the horse?
A: Fetlock or ankle
891
(hard)
CAHA9
Q: 2 part question: What is the periosteum & what does it do?
A: Bone producing membrane that covers the bones except at the ends. It protects the bone & is a site of
healing
892
(hard)
HIH415-1
Q: Name the muscle that lies under the horse's skin that enables the skin to twitch & shake flies off the body.
A: Panniculus
893
(hard)
TH118
Q: In the horse, the nose, ears, & eyes are referred to as what type of organs?
A: Specialized sensory organs
894
(hard)
CAHA7
Q: What classification type of bone protects the spinal cord?
A: Irregular
895
(hard)
HIH895-1
Q: What is the name of the muscles located between the ribs? They are involved in inspiration.
A: Intercostal muscles
896
(hard)
TH196
Q: 2 part question: Where is the panniculus muscle & what is its function?
A: Muscle under the skin;
enables the horse to flick flies off its skin
897
(hard)
HIH455-1
Q: The tiny, folded accordion-like interlocking projections that connect the coffin bone to the hoof wall are
called what?
A: Laminae OR sensitive laminae
898
(hard)
HIH455-2
Q: Where is the navicular bone located?
A: Behind & below the short pastern OR at the back of the coffin bone
899
(hard)
HIH505-5
Q: What happens when the large venous plexuses within the hoof are compressed?
A: Blood is pumped back up the leg
900
(hard)
ES22
Q: Describe a tufted tail.
A: Tail that has short hair (somewhat like a cow) towards the top with a tuft of longer hair beginning about
halfway down the tail
901
(hard)
ES212
Q: How many pairs of spinal nerves does a horse have?
A: 22
902
(hard)
Q: What is a jibbah?
A: The bulge between the eyes of an Arabian
HIH153B-2
903
(hard)
HIH435a-1
Q: What is the mesentery?
A: Loose tissue that connects the small intestines to the abdominal wall
904
(hard)
ES212
Q: The central nervous system consists of the brain & the spinal cord. What does the peripheral nervous
system consist of?
A: Nerves that branch off the brain & spinal cord (cranial nerves & spinal nerves)
905
(hard)
Q: What is the function of the epiglottis?
A: Prevents food from entering the larynx & trachea
DET97
906
(hard)
DET276
Q: 2 part question: Where would you find the turbinate bones & what is their purpose?
A: Bones in the nasal passages;
They filter & warm the air that's inhaled
907
(hard)
ADV325-1L
Q: Which two muscles expand the chest during breathing?
A: Diaphragm & intercostal muscles
908
(hard)
Q: What are osteoblasts?
A: Bone forming cells
TH237
909
(hard)
TH129
Q: 2 part question: What are guard hairs & where are they commonly found?
A: Long, individual hairs that often mix with the dense undercoat of the horse;
Found on the underside of the belly, underside of jaw & neck, between cheeks of buttocks
910
(hard)
TH705
Q: What is the name of the largest nerve in the horse's body?
A: Sciatic nerve
911
(hard)
CAHA57
Q: What chamber of the heart does the oxygenated blood from the lungs enter first?
A: Left atrium
912
(hard)
ES56
Q: (Two Part) How is the shape of the horse’s pupil different in comparison to other mammals and
how
does the shape of the pupil benefit the horse?
A: The pupil is more horizontal (ex. a cat’s pupil is more vertical; a human’s pupil is more round)
Gives the horse more vision over a wide horizon; enables the horse to see predators more easily (accept either
as correct answer)
913
(hard)
TH722
Q: What is the common name for the epiphyseal plates?
A: Growth plates
914
(hard)
TH8
Q: In today's modern Equus, vestiges are still present of the two outside toes that disappeared from the
prehistoric horse Mesohippus. What are these vestiges called?
A: Splint bones
(also accept chestnuts & ergots)
915
(hard)
Q: What 2 tracts does the pharynx belong to?
A: Respiratory & digestive
HS24
916
(hard)
DET100
Q: Name the structure that equalizes air pressure in the ear.
A: Eustachian tube
917
(hard)
TH188
Q: Which region of the spinal column is joined securely to the hipbone?
A: Sacrum
(also accept -- at the sacroiliac joint)
918
(hard)
DET62
Q: What is the function of the commissure in the hoof?
A: Gives elasticity to the foot
919
(hard)
DET69
Q: 2 part question: Where is the coronary band & why do you have to be careful with this area?
A: Hairline between the top of hoof & bottom of pastern; hoof growth starts at the coronary band
920
(hard)
Q: The Ischium & pubis are located where?
A: Pelvis
TH687/CAHA28
921
(hard)
Q: Name the largest internal organ of the horse.
A: Liver
CAHA54
922
(hard)
TH129
Q: 2 part question: Describe the location & function of the sebaceous glands.
A: Located at base of hair follicles in the dermis;
They produce sebum an oily/waxy substance that protects & insulates the skin
923
(hard)
TH690ok
Q: What is parathormone or parathyroid hormone?
A: Hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland that increases calcium in the blood
924
(hard)
TH22
Q: At what age do the epiphysis plates on the distal end of the cannon close?
A: 9 - 12 months
(accept any number in range)
925
(hard)
DET67
Q: What is the term for the membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid?
A: Conjunctiva
926
(hard)
CAHA57
Q: Which chamber of the heart does blood returning from the body by the cranial & caudal vena cava enter
first?
A: Right atrium
927
(hard)
HIH505-4
Q: The rear third of the coffin bone does not attach directly to the hoof wall. What elastic structure provides
the bridge for this attachment?
A: Lateral cartilages
928
(hard)
CAHA58
Q: The sinoatrial node in the right atrium performs an essential function to the heart. What is that function?
Q: It's the pacemaker
929
(hard)
TH114/HIH830-2
Q: How does the spleen help the race horse increase its level of arterial oxygen & maintain levels of physical
exertion?
A: Spleen contracts releasing additional red blood cells to carry oxygen
930
(hard)
TH112/CAHA64/DET173
Q: What is the proper term for filters found in the horse's body which can remove bacteria, cancer cells &
foreign materials from circulation? They are connected to the vascular system by the thoracic duct
A: Lymph nodes
931
(hard)
CAHA9/DET80
Q: The term "diaphysis" refers to what part of a long bone?
A: Shaft
932
(hard)
HIH830-1
Q: What is the name of the iron-containing protein found in erythrocytes that binds to oxygen?
A: Hemoglobin
933
(hard)
FCH404
Q: What is the name of the organ in the abdominal cavity which serves as a reservoir for red blood cells &
assists the body in combating infectious organisms?
A: Spleen
934
(hard)
CAHA8
Q: The costal cartilages of the first 8 ribs articulate with what bony structure?
A: Sternum
935
(hard)
CAHA14/TH158-59/DET154
Q: Identify one of two different places in the horse's skeletal structure where you find an interosseus
ligament.
A: Attachment of radius to ulna (additional info -- present only in foals & later ossified);
Attachment of cannon to splint bones
936
(hard)
CAHA12/DET188
Q: What 2 sets of bones serve as pulleys to change the direction of the deep digital flexor tendon?
A: Proximal & distal sesamoid bones
937
(hard)
FCH401,03
Q: 2 part question: What is the proper name for the fluid that suspends the red blood cells in whole blood &
what term is used for the fluid that remains once the red blood cells have clotted?
A: Plasma - fluid in whole blood;
serum - fluid in clotted blood
938
(hard)
TH142/CAHA1,12/DET179
Q: What is the proper anatomical name for the bones of the horse that are found between the knee & the
fetlock joints?
A: Metacarpal bones
939
(hard)
CAHA60
Q: Veins from the stomach, spleen, intestines, & pancreas all join to form the portal vein which carries blood
to an important organ in the abdominal cavity where essential metabolic functions are performed. What is the
name of this organ?
A: Liver
940
(hard)
CAHA13
Q: In what joint would you find a fibro-cartilage structure called a meniscus that is located between the
articulating surfaces of that joint?
A: Stifle
941
(hard)
CAHA12
Q: What 2 bones articulate with the distal sesamoid bone?
A: Short pastern & coffin bone
942
(hard)
CAHA42/DET146
Q: Name one of the structures that the hyoid bone supports.
A: Larynx, base of tongue, guttural pouches, pharynx
943
(hard)
CAHA63
Q: What organ located in the thorax & that produces lymphocytes is at its largest in the 6-8 week old foal &
decreases in size with age becoming difficult to find in older horses?
A: Thymus
944
(hard)
CAHA45/TH125
Q: What is the common term for the fluid that's produced by the lacrimal glands, collects in the medial
canthus, & flows down the nasolacrimal duct?
A: Tears
945
(hard)
HIH505-4
Q: Why is the hoof wall harder at the toe than at the quarters?
A: Toe is further from coronary band & therefore is more keratinized
946
(hard)
HIH810-1
Q: In measuring respiratory capabilities of the horse, tidal volume & respiratory rate are used to determine
what respiratory parameter?
A: Minute volume
(amount of air inspired or expired per minute)
947
(hard)
DET254/TH709/CAHA21,36
Q: The stay apparatus is a system of muscles, ligaments, & tendons whose purpose is commonly thought to
lock the legs to allow a horse to rest while standing. Name one of the other 2 functions of this apparatus.
A: Helps reduce concussion, prevents overextension
948
(hard)
CAHA78
Q: To what structure does the 12th cranial nerve, the hypoglossal nerve, provide motor control?
A: Tongue
949
(hard)
DET18/CAHA80
Q: The autonomic nervous system regulates many of the internal operations of the body & regulates
unconscious responses to external stimuli. What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
A: Sympathetic & parasympathetic
950
(hard)
HIH465-1
Q: 2 part question: In the horse's eye, there are 2 main photoreceptor cell types. What are they called &
what type of vision is each used for?
A: Rods - used for low light vision & motion detection;
cones - used for day vision & color vision
951
(hard)
HIH465-1
Q: The tear film is necessary for the health of the cornea. What do tears do for the eye?
A: Supply nutrition & oxygen to the eye surface
952
(hard)
TH694
Q: What is the function of the tectorial layer of the horse's foot?
A: Maintain moisture in the hoof wall
953
(hard)
HIH810-1
Q: To what does oxygen attach on the red blood cells?
A: Hemoglobin
954
(hard)
DET1,3
Q: Describe the difference between adduction & abduction as it applies to the movement of the horse's
limbs.
A: Adduction - movement toward the body; abduction - movement away from the body
955
(hard)
Q: Where would you find the Purkinje fibers?
A: In the heart
CAHA58
956
(hard)
DET205
Q: Located beneath the ear, what is the largest of the horses 3 salivary glands?
A: Parotid
957
(hard)
CAHA31
Q: What is the common name for the coxofemoral joint?
A: Hip joint
958
(hard)
Q: What is the joint between the femur & the tibia?
A: Stifle
TH91
959
(hard)
CAHA57
Q: What is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood?
A: Pulmonary vein
BONUS
960
(bonus)
CAHA57
Q.
Timeline… Correctly follow the blood flow through the heart and lungs beginning with
blood entering the heart via the cranial vena cava. Organize the following seven anatomical terms in the
correct order to complete this task.
Cranial vena cava
Left ventricle
Pulmonary vein
Right atrium
Pulmonary artery
Lungs
Aorta
A.
Cranial vena cava
Right atrium Pulmonary artery Lungs
Pulmonary vein
Left ventricle Aorta
961
(bonus)
Q: There are 4 classifications of bones. Name 3.
A: Long, short, flat, irregular
TH90
962
(bonus)
TH90
Q: Give 3 main purposes of the horse's skeleton.
A: Provides framework, protects internal organs, locomotion, stores minerals, produces blood cells
963
(bonus)
TH89
Q: The horse's body is made up of 9 systems. Name 3.
A: Skeletal, muscular, respiratory, circulatory/cardiovascular, digestive, reproductive, nervous, endocrine,
integumentary/skin
964
(bonus)
HIH830-1
Q: Blood is made up of 3 types of cells. What are they?
A: Red blood cells/erythrocytes, white blood cells/leukocytes, platelets/thrombocytes
965
(bonus)
HIH840-3
Q: Skeletal muscles are classified into 4 types. What are they?
A: Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2B, Type 2C
966
(bonus)
Q: What are the 3 main bones of the foot?
A: Coffin, navicular, short pastern
TH98
967
(bonus)
TH99
Q: Give 3 characteristics of Type 1 muscle fibers.
A: Slow twitch, low glycolytic activity, provide endurance
968
(bonus)
TH99
Q: What are the 3 subtypes of type 2 muscle fibers & their uses?
A: Type 2A - speed at long distance,
Type 2B - quick burst of speed for short distance,
Type 2C - training can recruit them to either type 2A or type 2B
969
(bonus)
CAHA78
Q: Name 3 cranial nerves.
A: Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal,
vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
970
(bonus)
TH119
Q: Give 3 functions of the horse's kidneys.
A: Remove wastes, control water balance, control pH, control electrolyte levels, regulate blood pressure,
hormone production, absorb minerals, regulate red blood cells
971
(bonus)
TH126-27
Q: Name 3 of the horse's body functions that are controlled by the endocrine system.
A: Growth, reproduction, metabolism, digestion
972
(bonus)
CAHA7
Q: Name 4 regions of the spinal column & give the number of vertebrae in each of those regions.
A: Cervical 7, thoracic 18,
lumbar 6,
sacrum 5,
coccygeal/caudal 15-21
973
(bonus)
TH98/ES203
Q: What are the common names of the 3 phalanx bones?
A: Long pastern, short pastern, coffin/pedal bone
974
(bonus)
TH90/CAHA42
Q. Name 3 bones found in the horse’s head.
A. Premaxilla/incisive, nasal, maxilla, mandible, frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, zygomatic, pterygoid,
presphenoid, vomar, palatine, orbit, hyoid
975
(bonus)
CAHA11
Q: How many carpal bones are there in the knee & how are they arranged?
A: 8 carpal bones; arranged in 2 rows
976
(bonus)
HIH840-1
Q: Name the 3 types of muscles found in a horse's body.
A: Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
977
(bonus)
HIH830-1
Q: Name 3 functions of the blood.
A: Transports nutrients, transports gases (oxygen & carbon dioxide), transports hormones, removes waste,
fights infections, regulates pH, clotting (prevents blood loss), regulates body temperature, regulates blood
pressure
978
(bonus)
CAHA63
Q: Name 3 parts of the horse's body that belong to the immune system.
A: Lymph nodes lymph vessels, spleen, bone marrow, thymus
979
(bonus)
CAHA25
Q: Name 3 parts of the hoof which furnish nutrition to the hoof.
A: Perioplic corium, coronary corium, laminar corium, sole corium, frog corium
980
(bonus)
CAHA5
Q: Name 3 functions of the horse's skin.
A: Protection, sensation, thermoregulation, controls water loss, storage, absorption
981
(bonus)
CAHA13
Q: Synovial joints are classified on the basis of the type of motion. Name 3 of these types.
A: Ball & socket, ellipsoid, hinge, pivot, sliding
982
(bonus)
HIH840-1
Q: Name 3 systems in the horse's body that use smooth muscles.
A: Digestive, circulatory/cardiovascular, respiratory, urogenital
983
(bonus)
TH120
Q: Name the 3 primary specialized sensory organs of the horse's nervous system.
A: Eyes, ears, nose
984
(bonus)
Q: What are the 4 parts of the circulatory system?
A: Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries
TH111
985
(bonus)
CAHA23
Q: Name 3 ways that veins differ from arteries.
A: Veins contain a larger volume of blood, veins have thinner walls, veins have valves, veins carry blood to the
heart
986
(bonus)
TH129
Q: Name 3 areas of the horse's skin that are not covered with hair.
A: Underneath tail, inside of thigh, around genitals, udder
987
(bonus)
TH129
Q: Name 3 areas of the horse's body where it sweats readily
A: Base of ears, chest, neck, flank (NOT back)
988
(bonus)
Q: Name 4 of the horse’s body fluids.
HIH425-2,3
A: Feces, urine, tears, sweat, saliva
989
(bonus)
TH689
Q: The elbow joint in the horse is the articulation site of what 3 bones?
A: Ulna, radius, & humerus
990
(bonus)
Q: The urinary system consists of what 4 parts?
A: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
TH119
991
(bonus)
HIH230-2
Q: Name 4 of the bones in the horse's hind leg from the stifle joint distally.
A: Tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, cannon, splint bones, long pastern, short pastern, coffin bone, navicular bone or
distal sesamoid, proximal sesamoid
992
(bonus)
TH117
Q: Name 3 of the 5 types of leucocytes or white blood cells
A: Eosinophils, monocytes, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes
993
(bonus)
CAHA28
Q: Name 3 of the bones that make up the horse's pelvic girdle.
A: Ilium, pubis, ischium, sacrum, caudal vertebrae/coccygeal vertebrae
994
(bonus)
INT223-2
Q: Starting at the poll, name the 6 parts of the horse that comprise the entire topline
A: Poll, crest, withers, back, loin/coupling, croup
995
(bonus)
ADV302-1
Q: Name the 3 passages of the facial portion of the skull.
A: Orbital, nasal, & oral
996
(bonus)
TH104
Q: The primary function of the respiratory system is to oxygenate the blood. What are the 2 secondary
functions?
A: Temperature regulation, vocalization
997
(bonus)
Q: What 3 body systems do the true ribs protect?
A: Respiratory, circulatory, digestive
TH97
998
(bonus)
TH96 Det204, 258, CAHA44
Q: Name two of the three pairs of salivary glands in the horse & give their locations.
A: Parotid - below ear,
Submaxillary/mandibular - between jaws,
Sublingual - beneath tongue
999
(bonus)
BEG115-1L
Q: The mucous membranes are evaluated as part of the vital signs of the horse. Name 4 places you can find
them.
A: Inner surface of eyelids, inside nostrils, inner surface of lips & gums, inner surface of vulva, inner surface of
rectum
1000 (bonus)
TH99
Q: Name 3 places in the horse's body where you will find involuntary muscle action.
A: Digestive tract, respiratory tract, circulatory system, urinary system
1001 (bonus)
TH90
Q: Name the 7 joints of the hind leg in order proximal to distal.
A: Sacroiliac, hip, stifle, hock, fetlock, pastern, coffin
1002 (bonus)
TH98
Q: From distal to proximal, name the 7 joints of the hind leg.
A: Coffin, pastern, fetlock, hock, stifle, hip, sacroiliac
1003 (bonus)
Q: What 4 bones form the stifle joint?
A: Femur, patella, tibia, & fibula
TH91/CAHA6
1004 (bonus)
TH91/CAHA110-12
Q: Name the 6 joints of the foreleg from proximal to distal.
A: Shoulder, elbow, knee/carpus, fetlock/ankle, pastern, coffin
1005 (bonus)
CAHA various
Q: Where are each of the 3 following serous membranes found in the horse: pleura, peritoneum,
pericardium?
A: Pleura covers the lungs & lines the thoracic cavity;
Peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity,
Pericardium surrounds the heart
1006
(bonus)
ES67
Q. The sense of taste in the horse is similar to that of humans. What four tastes is the horse capable of
sensing?
A.
Bitter, sweet, salt and sour
1007 (bonus)
HH10/TH152
Q: Give 2 reasons why it's important to have a deep heart-girth with well-sprung ribs.
A: Respiratory capacity & digestive capacity
1008 (bonus)
HIH220-3
Q: Name 3 of the parts of a horse's front leg below the knee.
A: Cannon, fetlock or ankle, coronet band, pastern, hoof
1009 (bonus)
CAHA 6
Q: Name 4 bones of the lower leg below the knee or hock.
A: Cannon, splint, long pastern, short pastern, coffin, navicular, sesamoid
1010 (bonus)
CAHA66
Q: Name 3 functions of the larynx.
A: Controls air flow, protection of airway, phonation (vocal sounds)
1011 (bonus)
TH98
Q: From proximal to distal name the 3 joints of the horse’s leg that are common to all 4 legs.
A: Fetlock, pastern, & coffin
1012 (bonus)
HIH220-3
Q: Name 4 joints on the front leg.
A: Shoulder, elbow, knee, fetlock or ankle, pastern, coffin
1013 (bonus)
HIH535-2
Q: Name 4 parts of the horse's foot.
A: Toe, heel, wall, white line, frog, sole, buttress, quarter, bulb, bar, apex of frog, cleft of frog, frog, periople,
seat of corn, commissure/collateral groove/sulci
1014 (bonus)
TH89
Q: What 3 items make up the central nervous system?
A: Brain, brain stem, spinal cord
1015 (bonus)
HIH220-3
Q: Name 4 joints on the hind leg.
A: Sacroiliac, hip, stifle, hock, fetlock or ankle, pastern, coffin
1016 (bonus)
HS34
Q: What are 3 other parts of the body made of protein besides muscles, internal organs, bones & blood?
A: Skin, hair, hooves