Download Evaluating the role protein digestion plays when optimizing broiler

Evaluating the role protein
digestion plays when optimizing
broiler performance
By Dervan Bryan
PhD Candidate
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Why focus on nutrition?
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History of broiler efficiency
1950
1992
68 days
=1.5 kg
32days
=1.5 kg
2012
28 days
= 1.5 kg
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http://veganrabbit.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/1950vs2008.jpg?w=610 http://www.chickens101.com/img/upload/white-broiler-chicken.jpg
The role of protein digestion
Genetic potential
High quality meat
22 different Amino Acids
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22 Amino acids in poultry meat
1. Methionine
2. Lysine
3. Threonine
4. Arginine
5. Phenylalanine
6. Tryptophan
7. Histidine
8. Isoleucine
9. Valine
10. Leucine
11. Glycine
12. Cysteine
12. Asparagine
13. Proline
14. Glutamine
15. Glutamic acid
16. Serine
17. Alanine
18. Cysteine
19. Aspartic acid
20. Tyrosine
21. Selenocysteine
22. Ornithine
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Trends in protein feed research
“Past Present and Future”
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Protein (CP) digestibility VS Amino acid (AA) digestibility
Amino
acids
CP
LYS
Soybean Canola
meal
meal
Fish
meal
Meat and
bone meal
47.5%
34.8% 63.8%
47.9%
3.09%
2.16%
5.29%
3.16%
0.68%
0.73%
2.02%
1.10%
CYS
0.68%
0.88%
0.67%
0.49%
THR
1.81%
1.56%
4.11%
2.42%
TRP
ILE
0.68%
2.19%
0.45%
1.5%
0.70%
3.26%
0.39%
1.92%
VAl
2.26%
3.47%
1.93%
2.25%
3.80%
4.85%
2.23%
3.67%
MET
ARG
Protein digestibility=%
Nitrogen x 6.25 from
feed which is used by
the bird
Amino acid
digestibility= % amino
acid from feed which
is used by the bird
NRC (1994)
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Evolution of synthetic amino acids in poultry feeds
Ingredients
Ingredients
Corn
Yellow corn meal
(48.5%
CP)
Soybean oil meal (50%
CP)
Dehydrated
alfalfa
Sorghum
Peas
(ground)
Peanut
meal
Limestone
Distillers’
corn soluble
Dicalcium
phosphate
Poultry
meal
Bone
meal
Alfalfa
meal
Iodized
salt
Vitamin
and
Fish
meal
(64mineral
% CP) premix
Dicalcium
phosphate
Meat andpremix
bone
scrap (50% Cp)
Vitamin
L-lysine-HCl
Cellulose
DL-Methionine
Animal Fat
DL-Methionine
Vitamin
and antibiotic supplement
L-lysine-HCl
total
L-isoleucine
Vitamin
D
Animal
Fat
L-valine
Dicalcium phosphate
total
Calcite flour
L-Tryptophan
Limestone
Choline chloride
Manganese
Animal
Fat sulfate
Iodized salt
total
total
Kidd
Kerr
J.Appl.
Poultry
Res.
(1997)
Patel and
and
McGinnis
Poult.
Sci.Sci.
(1974)
Daghir
and
Abdul-Baki
Poult.
(1977)
Rosenberg and Baldini Poult. Sci. (1956)
%
%
%
69.30
25.06
57.35
55.495
20.00
3.25
30.00
18.330
2.00
35.58
2.00
6.000
6.00
25.00
0.72
3.000
2.00
1.88
2.00
3.000
0.30
0.12
4.00
2.000
0.25
1.30
4.000
0.25
0.05
0.63
3.450
0.30
--0.24
1.000
0.10
100.00
0.16
0.050
2.78
0.11
1.250
100.00
1.250
0.02
0.150
1.65
0.025
5.00
0.500
100.00
100.000
1950’s
1990’s
Late
Early
1970’s
Poultry
Diet
1970’s
Poultry Diet
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Protein feed research currently
Ideal protein concept
Protein ingredient
Ideal Protein
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http://feed-additives.evonik.com/product/feed-additives/en/about/healthy-nutrition/animalnutrition/pages/default.aspx
Future of protein feed research
Ingredients
Ground Corn
Soybean oil meal (48% CP)
Poultry meal by-product meal
Peanut meal
L-isoleucine
Poultry oil
L-Tryptophan
Dicalcium phosphate
Calculated
Analysis
DL-Methionine
AME kacl/kg
L-lysine-HCl
CP %
L-Threonine
Digestible DL-Methionine %
L-valine
Digestible L-lysine-HCl %
L-isoleucine
Digestible L-Threonine %
L-Tryptophan
Digestible L-valine %
Digestible L-isoleucine %
---------Digestible
L-Tryptophan
Vitamin
and mineral
premix%
--------et
------------(2009)
-----Dozier
al. --------Pout Sci.
Dozier et al. Pout Sci. (2009)
%
62.27
20.30
4.00
7.30
0.15
1.99
0.03
1.19
3126
0.42
20.57
0.01
0.28
0.94
0.18
0.85
0.15
0.85
0.03
0.97
0.91
0.15
-----
 More synthetic
amino acids will
be used in
commercial
poultry diets
 More amino acid
digestible values
will be routinely
use in ration
formulation
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Why study protein digestion?
“Bird’s genetics is constantly being improved”

Should reassess the bird’s amino acid needs
-Protein ingredients evaluation:
(1) in vivo
(2) in vitro
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“Emerging issues in poultry industry”
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http://www.poultry.uga.edu/extension/documents/documents/KiepperWhiteStriping.pdf
Why study protein digestion?
“Feed antibiotic usage”

Protein digestion and bird health
-Does protein digestion influence:
(1) Gut permeability and integrity
(2) Gut microbial community
(3) Bird immune status
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Bacterial Counts (Log10 CFU/mL)
“increasing frequency of necrotic enteritis breakout ”
8.5
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
4.5
4
c
bc
ab
ab
a
Damage
a
c
c
b
Lactic acid
bacteria
Small
intestine
C.Perfringens
c
Clostridium
Wilkie perfringens
et al. (2005)
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http://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/health/articles/managing-sub-clinical-necrotic-t1490/165-p0.htm
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Details of my project
1. Development of an in vitro protein digestibility assay for poultry
2. In vitro amino acid digestion kinetics and peptide molecular
weight distribution of digested product
3. Influencing of digestion kinetics of protein sources on gut
microbiota community pattern, gut histology, microbial
metabolites and immune status of broilers
4. Effects of protein digestion kinetics on gut permeability and
nutrient transport in poultry
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Experiment# 1
In vitro digestibility of protein sources currently
being used in western Canadian feed industry
Nutritionist will need these values for ration formulations
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Experiment #1
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Experiment #1
Digestion cell
Digestion unit
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http://www.poultryhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Mingan_anatomy_diagram.jpg
http://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/health/articles/managing-sub-clinical-necrotic-t1490/165-p0.htm
Experiment #1
100
Digestibility %
1. 90
Reduce:
80  Cost
70  Time
60
2. 50
Generate digestibility values for database MET
40
LYS
30
Thr
3. 20
Quality control test for the industry
10
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
Hours
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http://www.poultryhub.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Mingan_anatomy_diagram.jpg
http://en.engormix.com/MA-poultry-industry/health/articles/managing-sub-clinical-necrotic-t1490/165-p0.htm
Take home message from my project
1. Lab test which can evaluate digestibility of protein feed
ingredients
2. Develop database of digestibility values for protein feed
ingredients
3. Identify links between protein nutrition, gut health and nutrient
transport in poultry
4. Develop strategies to improve bird health and nutrition
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Acknowledgement
Thanks to: Shawn Fairbairn, Co-op Feeds, Newlife
Mills, Saskatoon Processors, O&T Farms, Cargill,
West Coast Reduction LTD, Hi-pro Feeds
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Any Questions?
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