Download D2145 Systems Biology

SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
DIVISION OF DIETETICS, NUTRITION AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
PHYSIOTHERAPY, PODIATRY, RADIOGRAPHY
LEVEL 2 / DIET 1
D2145/Systems Biology
DATE: 29/04/2014
WRITING TIME: 2 Hours
TIME: 9.30
READING TIME: 5 minutes
INSTRUCTIONS:
Section A comprises multiple choice questions – please answer all
questions, circling the correct answer
Section B comprises short answer questions – please answer all
questions, writing your answer clearly in the space provided in this
exam booklet
PAPER SETTER: Dr Jane McKenzie, Dr Emad Al-Dujaili & Foudil Smail
MATRICULATION NUMBER:________________
Section A (1 mark each)
1.
Which of the following describes where the urea cycle takes place?
a.
b.
c.
d.
2.
How many moles of glucose does 500 ml of a 18% glucose solution contain
a.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Hypertension
High Aldosterone level
Hypokalemia
All the above
Hormones derived from tyrosine include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
7.
the liver only
the muscle and liver
the muscle and kidney
the liver and kidney
Features of Conn’s syndrome include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
6.
Fructose
Cellulose
Soluble Fibre
Insulin
Gluconeogenesis occurs in
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
1 mole
0.5 moles
0.25 moles
0.1 moles
Which of the following provides a source of exogenous glucose
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Cytosol
Mitochondria and cytosol
Glucagon
Angiotensin II
Thyroxine
Cortisol
The biological roles of glucocorticoids include:
a.
b.
c.
d.
stimulation of hepatic glycolysis
stimulation of protein synthesis
inhibition of ACTH secretion
inhibition of gluconeogenesis
8.
Which of the following is a short chain fatty acid ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
9.
C20:0
C12:0
C4:0
C16:0
Vitamins are essential components of the diet because
a.
b.
c.
d.
they are vital coenzymes for metabolism
they prevent deficiency diseases
they cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body
all of the above
10. Under which condition can arginine become conditionally indispensable ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
During weight loss
When the rate of growth is accelerated
When the immune system is stimulated
When the precursor amino acid is limited
11. The role of the enzyme ALT is to
a.
b.
c.
d.
transfer the amino group from alanine in the liver
transfer the amino group from aspartate
form a peptide bond using the amino group of alanine
form a peptide group using the amino group of aspartate
12. What does AMP stand for
a.
b.
c.
d.
Adenosine monophosphate
Arginine moderating protein
Adenosine mononucleotide phosphate
Alanine monophosphate
13. Following absorption, amino acids enters the circulation via the
a.
b.
c.
d.
Vena cava
Hepatic portal vein
Lymphatic system
Hepatic artery
14. Where is insulin produced
a.
b.
c.
d.
β cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
α cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
liver
kidney
15. Which of the following is not formed by ketogenic amino acids?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Acetoacetate
Acetyl coa
Acetate
Acetoacetyl coa
16. Which of the following produces primarily pro-inflammatory eicosanoids?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Eicosapentanoic acid (EPA)
Arachidonic acid (AA)
Α-Linoleic acid (ALA)
Dihomo γ-linoleic acid (DGLA)
17. Which of the following is not a regulatory enzyme of the Glycolysis ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Glucokinase
PFK - 1
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Pyruvate kinase
18. Which enzyme is responsible for converting pyruvate to acetyl CoA ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
pyruvate dehydrogenase
alcohol dehydrogenase
PFK – 1
lactate dehydrogenase
19. Under which circumstances is lactate most likely to be produced ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
starvation
yo – yo dieting
overeating
exhaustive excercise
20. Which of the following describes whole body metabolism in a toddler ?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Only catabolic
Only anabolic
Mostly catabolic, but also slightly anabolic
Mostly anabolic, but also slightly catabolic
Section B (10 marks in total each)
1.
Lipids are incorporated into lipoproteins for distribution around the body.
a. List the four main types of lipoproteins and indicate the main constituent of each
(4 marks)
b. Explain how the Carnitine Shuttle enables fatty acids to pass from the cytosol
into the mitochondria for oxidation (6 marks)
2.
The TCA cycle is responsible for oxidizing pyruvate
a. Explain where energy compounds are synthesised during the cycle (4 Marks)
b. What are the key enzymes that regulate the TCA cycle and how are these
enzymes regulated (6 Marks)
3.
The production of energy from fatty acids starts with β-oxidation
a. Describe the basic steps involved in the β-oxidation of a saturated fatty acid (7
marks)
b. How is the regulation of β-oxidation co-ordinated with fatty acid synthesis ? (3
marks)
4.
Describe the production of urea, indicating how the pathway is regulated (10 marks)
5.
The oxidation of glucose starts with glycolysis
a. During Glycolysis, energy is used and produced. Explain the net gain of energy
from 1 mole of glucose (5 Marks)
b.
Describe the regulation of glycolysis (5 marks)
6. During metabolism, energy is produced directly (as ATP or GTP) or indirectly (as NADH
and FADH2). Describe how the electron transfer chain and oxidative phosphorylation convert
NADH to ATP (10 marks)
7.
Hormone levels can influence metabolism
a. Compare and contrast 6 effects on metabolic pathways of Cushing’s
syndrome and Addison’s disease (6 marks)
b. Explain what is meant by “negative feedback inhibition” in the control of
hormone secretion. Draw a flow diagram showing the control of Thyroid
hormones release (4 marks)
8. Insulin has major metabolic effects on substrate metabolism
a.
What is the mechanism of action of Insulin (3 marks)
b. Explain the overall metabolic effects of Insulin (7 Marks)
End of Exam