Download Biology Spring Final Exam Review 2014

Biology Spring Final Exam Review 2014
Ecology
1. What is ecology?
2. Generally speaking, summarize how energy flows throughout an ecosystem.
3. Define the following terms:
a. Predation
b. Competition
c. Symbiosis
4. What is a limiting factor and how does it affect the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
5. Put the following ecological levels of organization in order from smallest to largest…
Community – Population – Ecosystem – Biome – Organism – Biosphere
6. Explain the purpose of an energy diagram.
7. Draw a simple food chain and label the following:
Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, and Tertiary Consumer
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How do autotrophs obtain energy? How do heterotrophs obtain energy?
Describe the diet of herbivores, omnivores and carnivores.
Give at least one example of each type of symbiotic relationship: Mutualism, Parasitism and Commensalism.
Compare and contrast primary succession and secondary succession.
Classification
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List the levels of taxonomic classification, in order, from largest to smallest.
Come up with a saying to help you remember #12!
Define species.
Circle the correct answer: Organisms that belong to the same ( KINGDOM / SPECIES ) are closely related.
What are the rules of scientific naming, also known as binomial nomenclature?
Write the following scientific name in the correct format: PANTHERA LEO
Identify the purpose of giving scientific names to organisms.
What are the three domains?
List the kingdoms that belong in each domain.
Complete the following chart.
Kingdom Name
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Cell Type
(Pro/Eu)
Major Characteristics
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What is taxonomy?
Briefly summarize the purpose of a cladogram and describe how to interpret what it shows.
What is the purpose of a dichotomous key?
Give an example of how to identify an unknown organism using a dichotomous key.
Viruses and Bacteria
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Why are viruses considered nonliving?
Identify the major structures of all viruses.
Describe the origin of viruses.
Generally speaking, how does a virus replicate?
How does a virus compare in size to prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the only type of prokaryotic organism?
Compare and contrast prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells.
Give at least three differences between viruses and bacteria.
Kingdom Protista
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Protists are ( Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic ).
Summarize the endosymbiotic theory.
Why is the “Junk Drawer Kingdom” an appropriate nickname for Kingdom Protista?
Give at least one example of each type of protist (animal-like, plant-like, and fungus-like).
Kingdom Fungi
38. Fungi are ( Prokaryotic / Eukaryotic ).
39. What are the ways that fungi are able to reproduce?
40. Give the function of the following fungi structures:
a. Hyphae/Mycelium
b. Fruiting Body
c. Gills
d. Spores
41. Draw a mushroom and label the following: Hyphae, Mycelium, Fruiting Body, Gills, and Spores.
42. List the benefits of fungi.
43. Summarize the process of decomposition.
44. What makes up the cell walls of fungi?
Kingdom Plantae
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Describe the major characteristics of all members of Kingdom Plantae.
What makes up the cell walls of plants?
Summarize the overall purpose and process of photosynthesis.
Draw a picture of a plant cell and label the following parts: Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, chloroplast,
vacuole and mitochondria.
49. Identify the function of the following cell structures:
a. Cell Wall
b. Chloroplast
c. Vacuole
d. Mitochondria
50. Describe the function of the following plant parts:
a. Flowers
b. Roots
c. Stems
d. Leaves
51. Why is vascular tissue beneficial to plants?
52. Xylem moves ( up / down ) and transports _______________________________.
53. Phloem moves ( up / down ) and transports _______________________________.
54. Put the following plant types in order of when they evolved…
Gymnosperms – Nonvascular Plants – Angiosperms – Seedless Vascular Plants – Algae
55. What is pollination? What are the benefits of pollination?
56. Define the following terms: Phototropism, Thigmotropism and Gravitropism.
57. Draw a picture that illustrates each of the plant tropisms/responses.
Kingdom Animalia
58. Describe the characteristics of all members of Kingdom Animalia.
59. Give an example of at least one animal with the following body plans:
a. Asymmetry
b. Radial Symmetry
c. Bilateral Symmetry
60. Fill in the following chart for the invertebrate phyla.
Phylum Name
Characteristics
Examples
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
61. Draw a dog and label the following anatomical terms: anterior, posterior, dorsal and ventral.
62. Complete the following chart for the vertebrate classes.
Class Name
Characteristics
Examples
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Amphibia
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Evolution
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How do you know when two organisms are members of the same species?
Define evolution.
What is a scientific theory?
When is a genetic trait considered to be an adaptation for an organism?
Generally speaking, summarize how natural selection leads to evolution.
If an organism changes during its lifetime, will that trait be passed on to its offspring? For example, if a person
dyes her hair blue, will her children have blue hair?
69. Natural selection acts upon traits controlled by _____________________________.
70. Summarize the idea behind natural selection, or “survival of the fittest.”
71. Put the following organisms in order of their appearance on the earth:
Unicellular Eukaryotes – Archaebacteria – Multicellular Eukaryotes – Photosynthesizing Bacteria
72. A strong species is one that is genetically varied. Defend this statement with an explanation.
73. Summarize the process of antibiotic and/or pesticide resistance.
74. Define the following terms:
a. Homologous Structures
b. Analogous Structures
c. Vestigial Structures
75. Compare and contrast gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.