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Year 8 Autumn 2 Assessment Revision Where was it better to live in the 1930s? USA, USSR or Germany? Your task… • Your assessment is asking you to compare life for people living in USA, USSR and Germany in the 1930s. • You have to use your own knowledge and information from this to help you to revise. • You need to be aware of the key features of life in each of these countries- be able to explain ‘how’ this shows life was good or not. • You also need to come to a conclusion- where was it better to live in the 1930s? USA, USSR or Nazi Germany? What does this reveal about life in USA during the 1930s? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k7va0cgYs7o As we go through the next few slides create a mind map of what life was like during the 1930s in USA. America had been riding high in the 1920s, the decade many called ‘roaring’. But the wall street crash in 1929 bought a period of depression and extreme poverty to the American people. The consequences for many Americans were tragic. The 1930s were known as the depression years. What impact did the wall street crash and depression have on the American people? Record as many facts as possible http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpKmfjf5tUk All the time, Hoover told people that ‘prosperity was just around the corner.’ But • In 1929, 659 banks failed, in 1930 a further 1,352 collapsed. In 1931 another 2,294 • Wages fell by 60% • 1933, 14 million were unemployed • In 1931, in New York alone 238 people were admitted to hospital for malnutrition. • Agriculture suffered the most- a fifth of all farmers lost their farms • 250,000 people lost their homes • 1932, 20,000 companies went out of business Many couldn’t afford to pay their mortgages so left their homes. They set up shanty towns called Hoovervilles. Riding the Rail Roads Many American just up and left, they travelled the rail roads in search of jobs. They became known as transients. The Depression reaches crisis point After two years of depression where Hoover had failed to help the American people, groups gathered together to protest. Things started to turn violent when angry farmers used guns and pitchforks to attack government officials that tried to evict them. The Bonus Army The biggest protest took place in Washington in the summer of 1932. It got so bad that the President barricaded himself in a cupboard in the Whitehouse. In 1932, 25,000 ex soldiers who had fought in WW1 went to Washington to ask the government for help. They asked to be paid their war pensions early- they were entitled to a $500 bonus. Hoover refused. They set up a Hooverville just outside of the Whitehouse. After a few days, Hoover called in the troops. Two protestors and a baby were killed in the battle that followed. You can protest about conditions and things will change At least they have a democracythey can get rid of their leader! Can you think of any positives about living in the USA? They have a lot of natural resources There is always hope that life will improvepeople have achieved the American Dreamso could they! The government creates job schemes where people could be employed in exchange for health care and food Compare… • What was it like to live in Communist Russia (Soviet Union, USSR)? How do these two accounts of Communist Russia differ? Which one do you believe more? Why? What about life in Nazi Germany? How does that compare? Nazi Germany- 1930s Germany • For ordinary people, life was good, and many Germans even today look back and remember the years before 1939 as happy years: – law and order (few people locked their doors) – autobahns improved transport – frequent ceremonies, rallies, colour and excitement – Nazi propaganda gave people hope – Full employment Problems… • Wages fell, and strikers could be shot - the Nazis worked closely with the businessmen to make sure that the workforce were as controlled as possible. • Loss of personal freedoms (e.g. freedom of speech). • All culture had to be German e.g. music had to be Beethoven or Wagner or German folk songs Women… • The Nazis were very male-dominated and anti-feminist. Nazi philosophy idealised the role of women as child-bearer and creator of the family • Mothers who had more than 8 children were given a gold medal. • But not all women were happy with the Nazi regime: • Job-discrimination against women was encouraged. Women doctors, teachers and civil servants were forced to give up their careers. • Women were never allowed to serve in the armed forces - even during the war. The Young… • Most German young people were happy: • Nazi culture was very youthoriented. • The Hitler Youth provided exciting activities for young boys. • The Hitler Youth and the League of German Maidens treated young men and women as though they were special, and told then they had knew more then their parents. • Many parents were frightened that their children would report them to the Gestapo, which gave young people a power that they enjoyed. However, not all young people were happy… • Towards the end of the war, youth gangs such as the Eidelweiss Pirates grew up, rejecting the Hitler Youth and Nazi youth culture, drinking and dancing to American jazz and 'swing' music. • In Cologne in 1944 they sheltered army deserters and even attacked the Gestapo. • If they were caught, they were hanged