Download a) Cells are

Biology 20
A Tour of the Cell
CYTOLOGY =
Review cellular basis of life (chapter1) :
a) Cells are:
b)Cells arise from:
c) Cells are surrounded:
d) Cells can:
e) Cells have:
2 types of cells:
prokaryotic: the most abundant single-celled organism (Figs. 4.2a, 4.3)
nucleoid
2 major groups:
eukaryotic (Figs. 4.2a and 4.4a/b):
4 major groups:
Why are cells so small?
CELLULAR EVOLUTION: (p. 64, Fig 4.16)
Endosymbiosis and eukaryotic evolution
COMPONENTS OF THE CELL:
Cell or Plasma membrane: (Fig. 4.5 & 5.12)
Components of plasma membrane:
Fluid Mosaic Model - 1972 Singer & Nicholson
Fluid portion: - bilayer exists in a liquid phase
1. Phospholipids (p. Fig. 5.1A & 5.2):
composed of: hydrophilic head:
hydrophobic tails:
2. Cholesterol (p. 80 Fig. 5.12):
Biology 20
Cell Membranes and Cellular Components
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Mosaic (p. 74; fig. 5.1A):
3. Proteins = 2 types that differ in structure & function (2 arrangements)
integral proteins:
peripheral proteins:
Membrane protein functions (p. 5.1B-D)
1. Transport proteins (Fig. 5.1D, 5.8):
uniport:
symport:
antiport:
2. Ion channels (Fig. 5.1D, 5.6)
3. Enzymes (Fig. 5.1B):
4. Receptor site (Fig 5.1C):
5. Cytoskeleton attachment: (Fig 5.1A)
6. Cell adhesion (p. 66; Fig. 4.21):
tight junctions:
anchoring junctions:
gap junctions:
4. Carbohydrates: (p. 74; fig. 5.1A)
glycoproteins:
glycolipids:
Crucial functions:
Membrane permeability:
Size:
charge:
lipid solubility:
carrier/transport proteins:
Membrane transport: (pp. 75-78; Figs. 5.3 - 5.8)
simple diffusion: (Fig. 5.3A & B)
facilitated diffusion (Fig. 5.6):
osmosis (Figs. 5.4 & 5.5):
hypertonic:
isotonic:
hypotonic:
Biology 20
Cell Membranes and Cellular Components
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Cellular concentration 3% NaCl, 97% H2O
3% NaCl
97% H2O
1% NaCl
99% H2O
10% NaCl
90% H2O
Comparing the [beaker] to the [cell]:
[Beaker]:
[Cel]:
What happens to plant and animal cells in each of the above solutions?
Animal:
Plant:
Why does water move from a hypotonic to a hypertonic solution?
filtration:
active transport (Fig. 5.8)
Large molecules (Fig. 5.9)
Endocytosis:
phagocytosis:
pinocytosis:
receptor mediated endocytosis:
Exocytosis:
Cytoplasm: (Fig 4.4)
cytosol:
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Cell Membranes and Cellular Components
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Nucleus (Fig. 4.6)
Nucleolus:
Ribosomes:
nuclear envelope:
Endomembrane system: many membranes of the eukaryotic cell (p.62; Fig. 4.14)
(Nuclear envelope/ER/Golgi/vesicles/lysosome and cell (plasma) membrane)
Endoplasmic reticulum: interconnect network of membrane vesicles (Figs. 4.9)
Rough ER:
Smooth ER:
Golgi complex (apparatus):
Functions:
(Fig. 4.10)
Lysosome:
Functions:
(Fig. 4.11)
Vacuoles (Figs. 4.12 & 4.13):
Food vacuoles:
Contractile vacuoles:
Central vacuoles (mature plant cells):
Peroxisomes: (Fig 4.13)
Mitochondria (Fig. 4.14)
Function:
Chloroplasts (Fig. 4.15)
Function:
Cytoskeleton (Fig. 4.17)
- microfilament:
- intermediate filament:
- microtubule:
Cilia & flagella (p. 65; fig. 4.18)
Cilium (singular) and Cilia (plural):
Flagellum (singular) and Flagella (plural):
Biology 20
Cell Membranes and Cellular Components
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