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Verbal Communication as an agreedupon and rule-governed system of symbols used to share meaning. • Symbols are arbitrary representations of thoughts, ideas, emotions, objects, or actions used to encode and decode meaning • Symbols have 3 distinct qualities: o Arbitrary- no direct relationship to the idea or object they represent o Ambiguous- several possible meanings o Abstract- words are not physical or material. • Rule-Governed: We all follow an agreed upon set of rules to make sense of the symbols we use. • Phonology: study of speech sounds. It has the rules that tell us what letters sound like and how they are pronounced • Semantic Rules: focuses on the meaning of words based on rules we accept • Denotative meaning: the standard definition of the word. What you see in the dictionary • Connotative meaning: based on the meaning according to your personal experience and belief. • Syntactics: study of language structure and symbolic arrangement • Pragmatics: studies how people use verbal language and communication Spoken versus Written Communication Spoken Informal synchronous not recorded Written Formal asynchronous archived • Synchronous: takes place in real time • Asynchronous: not immediate, occurs over time Functions of Verbal Communication • Verbal communication helps us define reality • Verbal communication helps us organize complex ideas and experiences into meaningful categories. • Verbal communication helps us think. • Verbal communication helps us shape our attitudes about our world. Key Terms • abstract • ambiguous • arbitrary • archived • asynchronous • connotative meaning • context • denotative meaning • formal • informal • phonology • pragmatics • reclaim • rule-governed • semantics • symbols • synchronous • syntactics • verbal communication