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Name _______________________________________ Weather Unit Study Guide Directions: Prepare the definitions for the following terms: Air mass – large amounts of air that moves across the land and water. Air pressure – the pressing down of the air on the Earth’s surface. Anemometer – the instrument that measures wind speed. Atmosphere – a blanket of air surrounding the Earth. Barometer – the instrument that measures air pressure. Beaufort Scale – a scale that shows numbers for wind speed. Cirrus clouds – thin, feathery high altitude clouds. Climate – the average weather of an area for many years. Cold front (weather) – occurs when a cold air mass moves into an area occupied by warmer air. Condensation – • The change of a gas to a liquid when heat energy is lost. • A step in the water cycle. Cumulus clouds – puffy, white middle altitude clouds. Evaporation – • The change of a liquid to a gas. • A step in the water cycle. Fog – a cloud that forms close to the ground when the temperature of the air is colder than the temperature of the ground. Front – the place where two air masses meet. Groundwater – water that has seeped into the ground, filling empty spaces in rocks and soil below the Earth’s surface. Weather Gr. 5 Voc key 08 Page 1 of 2 Jet stream – a narrow band of high-speed winds found 7-9 miles above the Earth’s surface. These winds generally blow from west to east at speeds over 200 miles per hour. Meteorologist – a scientist who studies weather. Precipitation – • Water that falls from clouds, usually as rain or snow, and returns to the Earth’s surface from the atmosphere. • A step of the water cycle. Rain – cloud droplets large enough to fall to the Earth’s surface. Relative humidity – the comparison of water vapor present in the air to the amount of water vapor air can hold. Revolution (of the Earth) – the movement of the Earth orbiting the Sun that causes the seasons to change. Sleet – frozen raindrops. Snow – white flakes of ice formed by the freezing of water vapor in clouds. Solar energy – a form of energy from the Sun. Stratus clouds – flat layers of low altitude clouds. Warm front (weather) – occurs when a warm air mass moves into an area occupied by colder air. Water cycle – the process by which water leaves a body of water through evaporation, condenses into clouds in the atmosphere, falls back to the Earth’s surface as precipitation and returns to the ocean in rivers. Weather – day to day changes in temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, and wind direction. Wind – • moving air over the Earth’s surface caused by heating of the air by solar energy. • the force of nature responsible for bringing the weather. Weather Gr. 5 Voc key 08 Page 2 of 2