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Germany
Introduction
Key Economic Facts
Germany is a country located in the heart of Western
Europe. It is bordered by Denmark, Poland, Czech
Republic, Austria, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg,
Belgium, Netherlands, the North Sea, and
the Baltic Sea. Germany has a strategic
location on North European Plain and
along the entrance to the Baltic Sea. The
government system is a federal republic;
the chief of state is the president, and the head of
government is the chancellor. Germany has a mixed
economic system which includes a variety of private
freedom, combined with
centralized economic planning
and government regulation.
Germany is a member of the
European Union (EU).
Income Level (by per capita
GNI):
Level of Development:
GDP, PPP (current international
$):
GDP growth (annual %):
GDP per capita, PPP (current
international $):
External debt stocks, total
(DOD, current US$):
Manufacturing, value added (%
of GDP):
Current account balance (BoP,
current US$):
Inflation, consumer prices
(annual %):
Labor force, total:
Unemployment, total (% of
total labor force) (modeled ILO
estimate):
Imports of goods and services
(current US$):
Exports of goods and services
(current US$):
Location:
Capital City:
Chief of State:
Head of Govt.:
Currency:
Major Languages:
Primary Religions:
Western Europe
Berlin (+1 GMT)
President Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Chancellor Angela Merkel
Euro (EUR)
German (official)
Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic
34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or
other 28.3%
Calling Code: 49
Voltage: 230
High Income
Developed
$3,924.04 billion (2015)
1.72% (2015)
$48,041.70 (2015)
$466,463,000.00 (2011)
22.81% (2015)
$279.97 billion (2015)
0.48% (2016)
42,867,313 (2016)
4.31% (2016)
$1,318.90 billion (2015)
$1,573.46 billion (2015)
GDP Composition %
Agriculture
Industry
Manufacturing
30
23
Services
69
1
*Although Manufacturing is included in the Industry figures, it is also separately
reported because it plays a critical role in economy.
Rankings
Key Websites
Main Government Page:
Commerce Ministry:
Export Promotion Agency:
Investment Promotion
Agency:
Risk Assessment (Provided by Coface)
bundesregierung.de
bmwi.de
agaportal.de
agaportal.de
Index
Corruption Perceptions Index
EY Globalization Index
Global Competitiveness Index
Global Enabling Trade Index
Global Manufacturing Competitiveness Index
(GMCI)
Global Services Location Index
Index of Economic Freedom
International Logistics Performance Index (LPI)
Inward FDI Potential Index
KOF Index of Globalization
Networked Readiness Index (NRI)
Open Budget Index
Rank
10 / 176
11 / 60
5 / 138
9 / 136
3 / 40
21 / 55
26 / 180
1 / 160
6 / 139
27 / 187
15 / 139
13 / 102
Country rating: A1 - The political and economic situation is
very good. A quality business environment has a positive
influence on corporate payment behavior. Corporate default
probability is very low on average.
Business Climate rating: A1 - The business environment
is very good. Corporate financial information is available and
reliable. Debt collection is efficient. Institutional quality is
very good. Intercompany transactions run smoothly in
environments rated A1.
Strengths
• Solid industrial base (1/4 of GDP)
• Low structural unemployment and well-developed
system of apprenticeships
• Geographic diversification of exports
• Good competitiveness
• Importance of family-owned exporting SMEs
(Mittelstand)
• Integration of Central and Eastern Europe in
productive process
• Importance of the ports of Hamburg, Bremerhaven
and Kiel
• Institutional structure promoting representativeness
and consensus
Weaknesses
• Aging infrastructure
• Demographic decline partially offset by immigration
• Shortage of engineers and venture capital
• Highly dependent on world, especially European,
markets
• Prominence of automotive and mechanical
engineering industries
• Persistent but reducing backwardness of eastern
Länder
• Weak productivity of services
U.S. Embassy
U.S. Embassy Berlin
Clayallee 170
14191 Berlin
Federal Republic of Germany
Tel: +49-30-8305-0
https://de.usembassy.gov/
Country Memo Provided by: globalEDGE.msu.edu and EXPORT.GOV