Download APEC in Charts 2015

APEC in Charts 2015
Policy Support Unit
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989. The 21 Member Economies are
Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Korea; Malaysia;
Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; the Philippines; Russia; Singapore; Chinese Taipei; Thailand;
United States; and Viet Nam.
The APEC Policy Support Unit (PSU) was established in 2008 as the policy research and analysis arm for
APEC. It supports APEC members and fora in improving the quality of their deliberations and decisions and
promoting policies that support the achievement of APEC’s goals by providing objective and high quality
research, analytical capacity and policy support capability.
APEC in Charts was launched by the APEC Policy Support Unit in 2013 to provide a graphical overview
of the APEC region’s economic, trade, investment and policy-related performance. If you have any feedback,
please write to us at email: [email protected].
1
Table of Contents
APEC in the Global Economy, 2014
3
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006 - 2013 17
3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free (percent share), 2006 - 2013
18
6
3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), pre-1994-2014
19
1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 2013-2014
7
3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners (percent), 2014
20
1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014
8
3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008 - 201321
1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014
4
1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014
5
1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2000 - 2014
1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014
1.7 Stock Market Performance in APEC
(index points, 1 January 2014 = 100),
1 January 2014 - 30 September 2015
9
10
APEC Trade Indicators
2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000 - 2014
11
2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC (annual percent change), 2000 - 2014
12
APEC Investment Indicators
4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, share in percent), 2000 - 2014
22
4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014
23
4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014 - 201524
APEC Structural Indicators
5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010 - 2014
25
13
5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014
26
2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value (percent share), 2014
14
5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s (scale 0 - 100), 2008 - 2014
27
2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
15
5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005 - 2014
28
29
2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
16
5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015
2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014
2
APEC Trade Liberalization
Data Notes
30
APEC in the Global Economy, 2014
Share of
Global
Population
Rest of
APEC
9%
USA 4%
INA 3%
Rest of World
51%
Rest of World
42%
Rest of World
61%
Share of
Global GDP
PRC 19%
JPN 2%
Rest of
APEC
15%
USA 23%
PRC 14%
JPN 6%
RUS 2%
An estimated 2.8 billion people lived in
the APEC region in 2014, accounting for
39% of the world’s population.
Rest of
APEC
17%
ROK 3%
Nominal GDP of the APEC region stood
at USD 44 trillion in 2014, accounting for
57% of global GDP.
Share of
Total World
Trade
PRC 11%
USA 11%
JPN 4%
HKC 3%
In 2014, the value of APEC members’
total exports and imports reached USD
18.5 trillion, equivalent to 49% of total
world trade.
3
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014
below USD 4,999
USD 5,000 - USD 9,999
USD 10,000 - USD 29,999
USD 30,000 - USD 49,999
above USD 50,000
There is a wide variation in the nominal GDP per capita in the region, which ranged from USD 2,000 to USD 62,000 in 2014, indicating
the diversity of APEC economies in terms of economic development.
4
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014
World
APEC
The APEC region posted a real GDP growth of 3.2% in 2014, higher than the world GDP growth of 2.5% during the year. Uncertainties
surrounding the path of oil prices, moderation of growth in China, and the timing of monetary normalization in the United States
combined with domestic factors such as lower household spending resulted in diverging growth paths among members.
5
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2000 - 2014
APEC
Rest of World
%
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
In 2014, the real GDP (in 2005 USD) per person in the APEC region grew by 4.3%, compared with 3.4% growth in the rest of the
world. The APEC region has consistently outpaced the rest of the world in terms of real GDP per capita growth in 2000-2014.
6
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 2013 - 2014
%
2013
2014
2013 APEC average
2014 APEC average
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
Inflation rates across the APEC region increased from an average of 2.8% in 2013 to 3.1% in 2014. Accommodative financial
conditions from relatively low policy interest rates and quantitative easing combined with strong credit growth contributed to higher
inflation levels in 2014.
7
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014
%
Male
Female
Total
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
The total labor force participation rate in the APEC region in 2014 averaged 66%, lower than the 69% recorded a year ago.
The decline may be attributed to the structural shifts in the labor market, particularly an aging workforce as well as slack demand as
global economic activity proceeds at a slower pace. The female labor force participation rate averaged 56%, at par with the world rate
of 55%, while the male participation rate at 75% is lower than the world rate of 81%.
8
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014
GDP per person employed (in 2014 EKS dollars)
APEC average
140,000
120,000
100,000
80,000
60,000
40,000
20,000
0
120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
GDP per person employed, an indicator of labor productivity, averaged $39,578 across the APEC region in 2014, which
represented a 3.3% increase from 2013. Based on this indicator, productivity increased in all APEC economies in 2014.
9
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.7 Stock Market Performance in APEC (index points, 1 January 2014 = 100),
1 January 2014 - 30 September 2015
300
250
AUS
CDA
CHL
PRC
HKC
200
INA
JPN
150
ROK
MAS
MEX
100
NZ
PE
50
PH
RUS
0
SIN
USA
VN
Stock markets in APEC economies experienced more volatility in 2015 compared with 2014. In 2015, the average coefficient of
variation—which measures an index’s standard deviation relative to the mean—for APEC stock markets reached 6.1% from 5.1% in
2014. Moreover, stock market performance has diverged since 2014. As of 30 September 2015, three stock markets posted indices
that were at least 10% higher than their 1 January 2014 levels, while six stock markets registered indices that were at least 10% lower
during the same comparable period.
10
APEC Trade Indicators
2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000 - 2014
Total APEC exports
Intra-regional exports
Total APEC imports
10
10
9
9
8
8
7
7
6
6
5
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
Intra-regional imports
The value of APEC members’ aggregate trade increased three-folds to USD 18.5 trillion in 2014 from USD 6.4 trillion in 2000,
growing at an average annual rate of 10.4% during the period. Intra-regional trade also kept pace, expanding by around 2.7 times
during the same period from USD 4.5 trillion to USD 12.1 trillion.
Total exports of goods in the APEC region climbed to USD 9.1 trillion in 2014, of which 65.3% were intra-regional exports. APEC
imports were higher at USD 9.4 trillion, of which 65.4% were sourced from other APEC economies.
11
APEC Trade Indicators
2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC (annual percent change), 2000 - 2014
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
2001
2000
2009
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
0%
-10%
-10%
-20%
-20%
-30%
-30%
Total exports
Intra-regional exports
APEC exports to
rest of the world
2001
2000
2009
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Total imports
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Intra-regional imports
APEC imports from
rest of the world
Trade growth in the region has been slowing down in recent years, reflecting the uneven economic recovery in the aftermath of the
global financial crisis. The value of APEC’s total exports grew by 1.9% in 2014 while total imports grew 0.3%, with intra-regional
trade outperforming trade with the rest of the world during the year.
12
APEC Trade Indicators
2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014
USA
35%
Rest of APEC
16%
PRC
34%
HKC
8%
ROK
8%
JPN
10%
Exports
USA
24%
Rest of APEC
7%
ROK
8%
Imports
HKC
9%
PRC
29%
JPN
12%
In 2014, at least 84% of intra-APEC trade-in-goods was accounted for by the top 5 APEC exporters and importers. China was the
largest exporter of goods while the US was the largest importer.
13
APEC Trade Indicators
2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value (percent share), 2014
(HS8703) Cars
(incl station
wagon) 3.2%
(HS8471) Automatic data
processing machines;
optical reader, etc 3.1%
(HS2709) Crude
petroleum oils
3.7%
All other
products:
67.3%
Top 10
products
32.7%
(HS8708) Parts & access
of motor vehicles 2.0%
(HS9999) Commodities not
elsewhere specified 3.6%
(HS2710)
Petroleum oils,
not crude 5.0%
(HS8473) Parts &
acces of computers &
office machines 1.2%
(HS7108) Gold unwrought or
in semi-manuf forms 1.4%
(HS8517) Electric app for line
telephony, incl curr line system 4.4%
(HS8542) Electronic
integrated circuits and
microassemblies 5.1%
The top 10 product exports accounted for 33% of the total value of APEC’s exports to the world in 2014 (using the Harmonized
System 4-digit headings). Electronics and petroleum oils were the top export products at 5.1% and 5.0% of total value, respectively.
14
APEC Trade Indicators
2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
(HS2710)
Petroleum oils,
not crude 4.3%
All other
products:
63.2%
Top 10
products:
36.8%
(HS8542) Electronic
integrated circuits and
microassemblies 6.1%
(HS8517) Electric app for line
telephony, incl curr line system 3.5%
(HS8703) Cars (incl.
station wagon) 3.5%
(HS2711) Petroleum gases 2.3%
(HS9999) Commodities not
elsewhere specified 2.3%
(HS2709) Crude
petroleum oils 9.5%
(HS8471) Automatic data
processing machines;
optical reader, etc 2.2%
(HS8708) Parts & access
of motor vehicles 1.9%
(HS3004) Medicament mixtures
(not 3002, 3005, 3006), put in dosage 1.3%
The top 10 products imported by APEC economies accounted for 36.8% of the total value of imports in 2014 (using the Harmonized
System 4-digit headings). Petroleum products, electronics and cars were the leading imports, with crude petroleum oils being the
largest at 9.5% of total import value.
15
APEC Trade Indicators
2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
All other products 67.0%
(HS8542)
Electronic integrated
circuits and
microassemblies
7.0%
(HS7108)
Gold unwrought or in
semi-manuf forms
1.5%
(HS8517)
Electric app for line telephony,
incl curr line system
4.6%
(HS8708)
(HS8473)
(HS2710)
(HS8703)
Parts & access of
Parts & acces of
Petroleum oils,
Cars (incl. station
motor vehicles
computers & office
not crude
wagon)
2.3%
machines
4.1%
3.2%
1.5%
(HS9999)
(HS8471)
(HS2709)
Automatic data
Crude petroleum oils
Commodities not
3.3%
elsewhere specified
processing machines;
2.3%
optical reader, etc
3.2%
16
The top 10 most traded product groupings within the APEC region accounted for 33% of total exports from APEC members to other
APEC members in 2014 (using the Harmonized System 4-digit subheadings). Electronic and petroleum products are among the
most traded within the region, with electronic integrated circuits and micro-assemblies getting the biggest share at 7.0% of total
intra-APEC export value.
APEC Trade Liberalization
3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006 - 2013
All products
Agricultural products
Non-agricultural products
16
14
13.8
13.4
13.1
12.0
12
12.3
11.8
12.2
11.7
10
8
6
7.1
6.1
7.0
6.0
6.6
5.7
6.2
5.3
5.7
5.8
4.9
5.7
4.7
5.8
4.8
4.7
4
2
0
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
The average MFN applied tariff rate for all products in the APEC region declined from 7.1% in 2006 to 5.8% in 2013. A similar
downward trend is seen in the MFN applied rates of agricultural products (from 13.4% in 2006 to 12.2% in 2013) and non-agricultural
products (from 6.1% in 2006 to 4.7% in 2013).
17
APEC Trade Liberalization
3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free (percent share), 2006 - 2013
MFN applied tariff rates, share of duty-free products
MFN applied tariff rates, share of products subject to MFN rates above 10%
50%
45.5%
45%
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
14.4%
15%
10%
5%
0%
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Among APEC member economies, the share of products (based on 6-digit subheadings) that are duty-free steadily increased from
39% in 2006 to 46% in 2013. Meanwhile, the percentage of products (based on 8-digit tariff lines) subject to MFN applied rates
above 10% declined from 20% in 2006 to around 14% in 2013.
18
APEC Trade Liberalization
3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), pre-1994 - 2014
FTAs signed by APEC members
Intra- APEC FTAs signed
FTAs in force by APEC members
Intra- APEC FTAs in force
150
Cumulative number
120
90
Doha Round
launched
60
30
0
The number of free trade agreements (FTAs) signed by APEC members expanded 12-fold over the past 20 years. As of 2014,
APEC members have signed a total of 157 FTAs, 58 of which are with at least one other APEC member. Of the FTAs signed,
149 are still in force, 54 of which are with at least another APEC member.
19
APEC Trade Liberalization
3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners (percent), 2014
Exports
APEC
2014
100%
80%
60%
APEC
1996
1996
2014
40%
20%
Un
Ne
w
ite
dS
Ze
ala
ta
nd
te
s
0%
Imports
100%
80%
60%
APEC
2014
1996
2014
APEC
1996
40%
20%
ta
ite
dS
Un
Ne
w
Ze
ala
nd
te
s
0%
In 2014, around 44% of APEC’s total exports were covered by FTA partners, while 39% of the region’s imports were under FTAs.
These levels were significantly higher than in 1996, when only around 22% of exports and 9% of imports were covered by FTAs.
20
APEC Trade Liberalization
3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008 - 2013
Affecting an APEC member(s)
1,200
Imposed by an APEC member(s)
120
1033
97
1,000
100
87
22
800
618
80
62
600
60
38
400
200
40
20
22
0
Anti-dumping
(left axis)
0
Countervailing
(right axis)
Safeguard
(right axis)
In general, APEC members were more affected by anti-dumping, countervailing and safeguard measures. Year-end 2013 numbers
show increases in both the number of APEC members that imposed and are affected by these measures.
21
APEC Investment Indicators
4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, share in percent), 2000 - 2014
Outflows
30%
600
20%
400
10%
200
10%
13
14
0%
20
12
20
20
10
11
20
20
08
09
20
07
20
06
0
20
13
14
20
20
11
12
20
20
09
10
20
20
07
08
20
20
05
06
20
04
20
03
20
02
20
20
20
20
22
01
0%
00
0
20%
20
100
30%
04
200
40%
05
300
70%
50%
20
400
80%
60%
800
00
500
959.5
20
40%
600
1,000
02
651.8
03
50%
700
APEC as share of the world
71%
20
53.1%
800
APEC
1,200
20
60%
01
APEC as share of the world
20
APEC
900
20
Inflows
In 2014, the APEC region experienced more outflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) at USD 960 billion compared to inflows of
USD 652 billion. As a share of world FDI, APEC’s inflows were also lower at 53% compared to 57% in 2013 while outflows increased
minimally. The movement of FDI flows in 2014 was influenced by uncertainties on the timing and magnitude of the US monetary
policy rate normalization as well as the uneven global economic recovery.
APEC Investment Indicators
4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014
Inflows
Rest of APEC
32%
Outflows
China
20%
Rest of APEC
21%
Hong Kong, China
16%
Canada
8%
Singapore
10%
United States
14%
Canada 5%
Japan
12%
China
12%
United States
35%
Hong Kong, China
15%
In 2014, about 68% of the inflows to the APEC region went to five member economies, equivalent to USD 446 billion, while 79% of
the FDI outflows worth USD 761 billion came from five APEC members.
23
APEC Investment Indicators
4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014 - 2015
End-2014
as of August 2015
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
Monetary policy rates impact on investments by influencing the level and direction of interest rates. Low levels of interest rates via
accommodative monetary policy settings, therefore, encourage investment spending.
Economies that use benchmark overnight interest rates as their main monetary policy levers have either maintained or reduced their
policy rates as of August 2015 compared to end-2014 levels. Among the APEC members, nine economies opted to reduce their
respective monetary policy rates while the rest kept their key interest rates steady. Interest rates were kept relatively low to support
economies’ growth requirements amid the uneven pace of global economic activity.
24
APEC Structural Indicators
5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010 - 2014
Number of Procedures to Start a Business
Number of Days to Start a Business
40
10
8
30
6
20
4
10
2
0
2010
2011
Industrialized
2012
Developing
2013
2014
APEC
On average, it takes 6 procedures to start a business in
APEC economies in 2014. In industrialized APEC economies
this average is 4 procedures, while it takes 7 procedures in
developing economies.
0
2010
2011
Industrialized
2012
Developing
2013
2014
APEC
The average number of days to start a business in APEC went
down from 28 days to 21 days between 2010 and 2014. It takes
three times longer to start a business in developing economies
than in industrialized economies: in 2014, it took 26 days to start
a business in developing economies, compared with 7 days in
industrialized economies.
25
APEC Structural Indicators
5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014
Singapore
United States
Japan
Canada
Hong Kong, China
Australia
Korea
New Zealand
Malaysia
China
Thailand
APEC
Chile
Viet Nam
Mexico
Indonesia
The Philippines
Peru
Russia
Papua New Guinea
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
On average, APEC economies scored 3.4 (out of a best score of 5) on the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) in 2014. The LPI
tracks economies’ performance on customs, infrastructure, international shipments, logistics quality and competence, tracking
and tracing, and timeliness.
26
APEC Structural Indicators
5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s (scale 0 - 100), 2008 - 2014
99.2
99
98.8
98.6
98.4
98.2
98
97.8
97.6
97.4
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Women’s educational attainment measures (on a scale of 0-100, with 100 as the highest) how close women are to achieving parity
with men in terms of literacy; net primary school enrollment; net secondary school enrollment; and gross tertiary enrollment. The
educational attainment of women in the APEC region has improved from 98.1 in 2008 to 99.0 in 2014, which is almost at par with
the educational attainment of males in the region.
27
APEC Structural Indicators
5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005 - 2014
350
300
308.2
250
202.9
200
150
100
50
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
In less than a decade, the number of undernourished people in APEC decreased by more than 100 million, from 308.2 million in
2005 to 202.9 million in 2014.
28
APEC Structural Indicators
5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
Hazard and exposure
Vulnerability
Industrialized
Lack of coping capacity
Developing
Overall risk
APEC
While there is just a small gap between industrialized and developing economies in terms of hazard and exposure to disaster risk,
there are larger gaps in terms of the population’s vulnerabilities and capacity to cope with disasters. Although exposure to natural
disasters is an accident of geography, policies can reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities and increase the capacity to cope with
disasters.
29
Data Notes
APEC in the Global Economy, 2014
Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; Directorate General of
Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei); and World Trade Organization,
Time Series on International Trade (accessed 22 September 2015).
APEC Macroeconomic Indicators
1.1 GDP Per Capita (current USD), 2014
Note: GDP per capita is calculated as GDP divided by the estimated midyear
population.
Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; and Directorate
General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10
September 2015).
1.2 Real GDP Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2014
Note: The real GDP growth of the APEC region reflects weighted growth.
Sources: World Bank, World Development Indicators; and Directorate
General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10
September 2015).
1.3 Real GDP Per Capita Growth (year-on-year percent change), 2000-2014
Note: Real GDP based on 2005 USD. Average real GDP per capita growth
rates for APEC and Rest of World are weighted by population.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (accessed 10 September
2015).
30
1.4 Consumer Price Index (year-on-year percent change), 2013-2014
Sources: International Monetary Fund, World Economic Outlook (April 2015)
Database; and Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics
(Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).
1.5 Labor Force Participation Rate (percent), 2014
Sources: International Labor Organization, Economically Active Population
Estimates and Projections (EAPAP), 1990-2020 Database (accessed 17
September 2015); and Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and
Statistics (Chinese Taipei) (accessed 10 September 2015).
1.6 GDP Per Person Employed (in 2011 PPP), 2014
Note: GDP per person employed, computed as GDP divided by total
employment, is shown in 2014 EKS dollars, in which GDP has been converted
to the 2014 price level using updated 2011 Elteto-Köves-Szulc (EKS)
purchasing power parities (PPP).
Source: The Conference Board Total Economy Database™, May 2015
(accessed 21 September 2015).
1.7 Stock
Market
Performance
in
APEC
(index
points,
1 January 2014 = 100), 1 January 2014-30 September 2015
Sources: S&P/ASX200 (Australia); S&P/TSX Composite (Canada); Santiago
Stock Exchange IPSA (Chile); Shanghai Composite (China); Hang Seng
(Hong Kong, China); IDX Composite (Indonesia); Nikkei 225 (Japan); KOSPI
(Korea); FTSE KLCI (Malaysia); Mexican Bolsa IPC (Mexico); NZX 50 (New
Zealand); ISBVL (Peru); PSEi (The Philippines); RTS (Russia); Straits Times
(Singapore); TAIEX (Chinese Taipei); Dow Jones (United States); and Ho Chi
Minh VSE (Viet Nam). Data were gathered from Thomson Reuters (accessed 1
October 2015).
Data Notes
APEC Trade Indicators
APEC Trade Liberalization
2.2 Nominal Trade Growth in APEC (annual percent change), 2000-2014
Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed
10 September 2015).
3.2 MFN Applied Tariff Rates above 10% and Duty-free (percent share), 20062013
Source: World Trade Organization, World Tariff Profiles (accessed 17
September 2015).
2.1 Value of APEC Trade (USD trillion), 2000-2014
Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed
10 September 2015).
2.3 Share of Intra-regional Trade in APEC (percent share), 2014
Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed
10 September 2015).
2.4 Top 10 Exports from APEC to the World by Value (percent share), 2014
Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September
2015).
2.5 Top 10 Imports from the World to APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September
2015).
2.6 Top 10 Most Traded Products in APEC by Value (percent share), 2014
Source: International Trade Centre, Trade Map (accessed 17 September
2015).
3.1 MFN Applied Tariff Rates in APEC (simple average), 2006-2013
Source: World Trade Organization, World Tariff Profiles (accessed 17
September 2015).
3.3 Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in APEC (cumulative number), pre-1994-2014
Source: Compiled from publicly available information by the APEC Policy
Support Unit.
3.4 Share of Trade by Value Covered by FTA Partners (percent), 2014
Source: International Monetary Fund, Direction of Trade Statistics (accessed 3
July 2015).
3.5 Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) (year-end number), 2008-2013
Source: World Trade Organization, Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP)
(accessed 21 September 2015).
31
Data Notes
APEC Investment Indicators
APEC Structural Indicators
4.2 Top 5 APEC FDI Hosts and Sources (percent share), 2014
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
(accessed 23 September 2015).
5.2 Logistics Performance Index (overall score), 2014
Note: The index score ranges from 1 to 5, with a higher score representing
better performance (1=low; 5=high).
Source: World Bank, Logistics Performance Index (accessed 17 September
2015).
4.1 FDI Inflows and Outflows in APEC (value in USD billion, share in percent),
2000-2014
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
(accessed 23 September 2015).
4.3 Policy Rates (percent), 2014-2015
Sources: Reserve Bank of Australia (Australia); Bank of Canada (Canada);
Central Bank of Chile (Chile); People’s Bank of China (China); Bank Indonesia
(Indonesia); Bank of Korea (Korea); Bank Negara Malaysia (Malaysia); Banco
de Mexico (Mexico); Reserve Bank of New Zealand (New Zealand); Bank
of Papua New Guinea (Papua New Guinea); Central Reserve Bank of Peru
(Peru); Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (The Philippines); Bank of Russia (Russia);
Central Bank of the Republic of China (Chinese Taipei); Bank of Thailand
(Thailand); US Federal Reserve Bank (United States); and State Bank of Viet
Nam (Viet Nam) (accessed 7 September 2015).
Abbreviations for APEC Member Economies
5.1 Doing Business in APEC (average), 2010-2014
Source: World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Doing Business
(accessed 17 September 2015).
5.3 Women’s Educational Attainment Relative to Men’s (scale 0-100), 2008-2014
Source: World Economic Forum (accessed 17 September 2015).
5.4 Number of People Undernourished (million), 2005-2014
Note: Data only cover China; Indonesia; Mexico; Peru; the Philippines;
Thailand; and Viet Nam.
Sources: FAO Statistics; and APEC Policy Support Unit calculations.
5.5 Disaster Risk Exposure and Preparedness (index), 2015
Note: The risk index is taken from the Index For Risk Management (INFORM)
developed by the IASC Task Team for Preparedness and Resilience and
the European Commission. The disaster risk index incorporates data for 21
indicators covering (1) hazard and exposure to natural and man-made risks,
(2) socioeconomic vulnerability and vulnerable groups, and (3) lack of coping
capacity. Scores range from 0 (no risk) to 10 (high risk). No INFORM scores for
Hong Kong, China and Chinese Taipei.
Sources: Index for Risk Management (INFORM), http://www.inform-index.org;
and APEC Policy Support Unit calculations.
Australia (AUS); Brunei Darussalam (BD); Canada (CDA); Chile (CHL); China (PRC); Hong Kong, China (HKC); Indonesia (INA); Japan (JPN); Korea (ROK);
Malaysia (MAS); Mexico (MEX); New Zealand (NZ); Papua New Guinea (PNG); Peru (PE); The Philippines (PHL); Russia (RUS); Singapore (SIN); Chinese
Taipei (CT); Thailand (THA); United States (USA); and Viet Nam (VN).
32
StatsAPEC
StatsAPEC is APEC’s statistics portal with data dating
back to APEC’s inception in 1989. It consists of the
Key Indicators Database and the Bilateral Linkages
Database. The Key Indicators Database includes
over 120 GDP, trade, financial and socio-economic
indicators, allowing for an analysis of trends across
a number of topics. The Bilateral Linkages Database
facilitates detailed analysis of trade and investment
flows between APEC economies and within APEC.
APEC aggregates are available for most indicators
in StatsAPEC, making it easy to examine the region
as a whole.
StatsAPEC is available at statistics.apec.org and is
optimized for use on mobile devices.
33
Policy Support Unit • APEC Secretariat
35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace, Singapore 119616
Telephone Number: (65) 6891-9600 • Facsimile Number: (65) 6891 9419
Website: www.apec.org/About-Us/Policy-Support-Unit
Email: [email protected]
Copyright © 2015 APEC Secretariat
APEC#215-SE-01.22
ISBN978-981-09-7291-2