Download Biol 211 (1) Exam 4

Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Biology 211 (1) Exam 4!
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Chapter 12!
1. Why does replication occurs in an uncondensed state?!
1.
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2. A ___________ is a single strand of DNA. When DNA is added to associated protein
molecules, it is referred to as __________.!
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3. Diagram the cell cycle, labeling the G1, G2, S and M phases.!
4. Chromosome replication occurs only during _______ phase.!
5. Describe each phase of mitosis in the following chart:!
Mitotic Phase !
(In Order)
Description
Drawing
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Professor: Roe
Mitotic Phase !
(In Order)
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Description
Drawing
6. Compare and contrast G1, G2 and M checkpoints. Why is it important for the cell cycle
to have checkpoints?!
1.
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7. What is the difference between polar microtubules and kinetochore microtubules?!
1. Polar microtubules:!
2. Kinetochore microtubules:!
8. What is p53? What would happen to a cell that has a damaged p53 gene so that it
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cannot make functional p53 protein?!
9. _______ tumors are not cancerous. _______ tumors are cancerous and go through
_______, which is when the cancer moves to other parts of the body and create a new
tumor. Page 2 of 7
Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Chapter 13!
1. Complete the crossword puzzle found on https://apps-dso.sws.iastate.edu/si/
course.php?id=914. The crossword puzzle is named “Chapter 13 Worksheet.”
2. Briefly describe the different processes in Meiosis—Meiosis I and Meiosis II.
a.
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3. How many and what ploidy of daughter cells are produced during Meiosis?
a.
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4. What is the difference during Metaphase I and Metaphase II of Meiosis?
a. Metaphase I:
b. Metaphase II: Page 3 of 7
Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Chapter 14!
1. Compare and contrast the concepts of particulate inheritance and blending
inheritance.
a. Blending Inheritance:
b. Particulate Inheritance:
2. What would eventually happen if the blending theory of inheritance was true?
a.
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3. Who provided the groundwork of basic genetics? Which hypothesis was supported by
his experiments?
a.
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4. What does it mean to have a “true-breeding” parent?
a.
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5. What is the difference between genes and alleles?
a.
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6. Alleles can either be _________ or __________.
7. Compare and contrast genotype and phenotype. Is “Aa” heterozygous or homozygous
and is it a genotype or phenotype? Is “A” a dominant or a recessive allele?
a.
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8. Do individuals with the same genotype always have the same phenotype? Why or why
not?
a.
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9. Are pure-line peas homozygous or heterozygous? Do the terms homozygous and
heterozygous describe an organism’s genotype or phenotype?
a.
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10. What is the purpose of a test cross?
a.
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11. What is the ratio of phenotypes in the F2 generation if you begin with pure line
yellow-seeded plants (YY) and pure-line green-seeded plants (yy). What is the
genotype ratio in the F1 and F2 generations? Draw Punnett Squares to help answer the
problem.
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Professor: Roe
a. Parent 1: (YY)
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Parent 2: (yy)
b. F1
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c. F2
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d. Ratio of phenotypes in F2—>
e. Genotype ratio in F1—>
f. Genotype ratio in F2—>
12. One parent is homozygous dominant for two traits: round and yellow seeds. The other
parent is homozygous recessive for those two traits: round and yellow seeds. Create a
dihybrid cross for the F2 Generation of the true breeding parents.
13. Describe the Law of Segregation and the Law of Independent Assortment.
a. Law of Segregation:
b. Law of Independent Assortment:
14. Define each of the following terms: complete dominance, incomplete dominance, codominance.
a. Complete dominance:
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
b. Incomplete dominance:
c. Codominance:
15. Why is incomplete dominance not blending inheritance?
a.
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16. ________ is when individual genes affect more than one phenotypic character. What is
an example of this?
a.
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance!
1. __________ described the process of meiosis in 1876. __________ described the
significance of meiosis in cell division in 1890. __________ was the first scientist to
support Mendel’s laws between 1877 and 1916. ___________ was skeptical about
Mendelian genetics and did experiments using Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly).
2. What does the Chromosome Theory of Heredity propose?
a.
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3. Define the following terminology:
a. Wildtype:
b. Mutant:
c. Vestigial:
4. Eye color is linked to the sex of the individual. Only the _____ chromosome has a copy
of that gene.
5. What would the genotype and phenotype of a female fly with white eyes be if it was
crossed with a male that had X(W+) and Y chromosomes.
a. Genotype:
b. Phenotype:
6. ________________ are genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be
inherited together.
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