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ELIZABETHTOWN COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE BEX 100 BASIC ELECTRICITY FOR NON MAJORS LECTURE GUIDE – UNIT 6 Instructor: Jerry Brown Reference: Delmar’s Standard Textbook of Electricity, Third Edition SERIES CIRCUITS Objectives At the completion of the lesson, the student should be able to: 1. Discuss the properties of series circuits 2. List three rules for solving electrical values of series circuits 3. Compute values of voltage, current, resistance and power for circuits series INTRODUCTION There are three basic types of electrical circuits: Series Parallel Combination (Series/Parallel) Series Circuits A series circuit only has one path for current to flow Voltage Drops in a Series Circuit Voltage Drop – the amount of voltage needed to push the current through the resistor Rule #1 – The sum of all the voltage drops across the resistors must equal the applied voltage. Current Values in a Series Circuit Rule #2 – The current in a series circuit is the same at any point in a circuit. Resistance Values in a Series Circuit Rule #3 – The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of the individual resistors. Solving Series Circuits First Step – Find the total resistance in the circuit, then use Ohm’s Law to solve for total current and total power. Step 2 – Once the total current is found, then the individual current passing through each resistor is known. Step 3 – Use Ohm’s Law to solve for the remaining unknowns Rule #2 – The current in a series circuit is the same at any point in a circuit. Rule #2 – The current in a series circuit is the same at any point in a circuit. Voltage Dividers – (Use Ohm’s Law for each resistor in the circuit) Voltage is divided based on the principle that the sum of the voltage drops across each resistor will equal the supply voltage, and The Current through the circuit will be the same at any point in the circuit Voltage Polarity Determined by observing direction of current flow Current flows from negative to positive Ground Symbol in Schematics Earth Ground Symbol An earth ground is made by physically driving a rod or pipe into the ground Chassis Ground Symbol A ground point used as a common connection for various circuits A common practice in schematics is to use the earth ground symbol to indicate a chassis ground REVIEW 1. Series circuits have only one path for current flow 2. The individual voltage drops in a series circuit can be added to equal the applied voltage 3. The current is the same at any point in a series circuit 2 4. The individual resistors can be added to equal the total resistance of the circuit 5. Fuses and circuit breakers are connected in series with the devices they are intended to protect 6. The total power in any circuit is equal to the sum of the power dissipated by all parts of the circuit 7. When the source voltage and total resistance are known, the voltage drop across each element can be computed using Ohm’s Law REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. Define a series circuit 2. State the three rules for solving series circuits: a. b. c. 3. A series circuit has individual resistor values of 200 Ω, 86 Ω, 90 Ω, 180 Ω, and 150 Ω. What is the total resistance of the circuit? 4. A series circuit contains five resistors. The total voltage applied to the circuit is 120 V. Four resistors have voltage drops of 35 V, 28 V, 22 V, and 15 V. What the voltage drop of the fifth resistor? 5. A circuit has three resistors connected in series. Resistor R2 has a value of 220 Ω and a voltage drop of 44 V. What is the total current flow in the circuit? 6. A series circuit has resistance values of 160 Ω, 100 Ω, 82 Ω, and 120 Ω. Complete the following values: ET = V RT = Ω IT = A PT = E1 = V R1 = Ω I1 = A P1 = E2 = V R2 = Ω I2 = A P2 = E3 = V R3 = Ω I3 = A P3 = E4 = V R4 = Ω I4 = A P4 = 3