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10/22/2012 KEY TERMS Angle’s Classification Cross bite Over bite Over jet Centric Occlusion Centric Relation Lateral Excursion Cuspid or Canine Rise Group Function Group Function Leeway Space Primate Space Curve of Spee Curve of Wilson Sphere of Monson Flush Plane Mesial Step Distal Step Class I Malocclusion A malocclusion with the proper molar relationship and teeth that are crowded together, spaced apart, an overbite, an openbite, a posterior crossbite or an anterior crossbite Class I – normal occlusion Class I malocclusion Class II Malocclusion A malocclusion with the upper front teeth protruding or due to the lower teeth and/or jaw positioned back relative to the upper teeth and/or jaw. Class II division 1 Class II division 2 Malocclusion The 1st molar distal step is the same as Class II division 1. But the anterior teeth do not protrude. Rather, they may appear to be ducked back & typically crowd out the laterals or the cuspids. 1 10/22/2012 Class II division 2 Treatment Complete: Class II division 2 Class III Malocclusion A malocclusion with the lower front teeth protruding or due to the lower teeth and/or jaw positioned ahead relative to the upper teeth and/or jaw. Various Clinical Presentations of: Class III malocclusion Space Maintainer – Leeway Space Complete Class III Posterior Crossbite Anterior Crossbite Protrusion Ectopic Eruption Oral Habits Diastema Crowding Open Bite 2 10/22/2012 Anterior Appliances Orthodontic Key Terms • • • • • • • • • • • • • arch wires mixed dentition Elastics Hawley retainer Classification of Malocclusion (including primary dentition) Interceptive/preventive orthodontics orthodontic "records" separators lingual bonded retainer cephalmetric radiograph palatal separating appliance Invisalign ankylosis • • • • • • • • • • • • • Prognathic squeeze release technique Retrognathic space maintainer Profiles‐ including mesognathic, prognathic, & t thi retrognathic functional appliance fixed appliance direct bonding indirect bonding residual resin elastic chains Headgear thumb sucking appliance Muscles of Mastication Innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve 4 pairs ‐ Medial, lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporal Masseter, medial pterygoid elevate mandible Temporal elevates and retrudes mandible Lateral pterygoid protrudes both the mandible and articular disc and causes lateral excursions, depresses mandible slightly Temperomandibular Joint ‐ Joint ‐ TMJ articular eminence synovial fluid mandibular elevation articular fossa joint capsule lateral deviation articular disc posterior tubercle condyle protrusion i meniscus retraction subluxation external auditory meatus sphenomandibular ligament bruxism stylomandibular ligament TMD temperomandibular joint ligament equilibration mastoid process Muscles of Mastication Masseter m. elevates mandible Origin – zygomatic arch, Insertion ‐ lower border of the mandible Temporal M. retrudes and elevates mandible Origin – temporal fossa Insertion – coronoid process Temporal M. passes medial to the zygomatic arch 3 10/22/2012 Lateral pterygoid Lateral pterygoid • Lateral pterygoid has two heads, inferior and superior • Inferior head goes Inferior head goes from pterygoid plate to head of condyle • When inferior head contracts, it pulls condyle forward and depresses it slightly (inferior head) When only one lateral pterygoid contracts, the mandible moves to the side (lateral excursion) Which lateral pterygoid contracted? Lateral pterygoid Lateral pterygoid (inferior head) (superior head) Articular disc is a fibrous pad that acts as a cushion for TMJ When both lateral pterygoids contact, the mandible moves forward (protrusion) Superior head inserts into articular disc Inferior head When the mouth is opened wide, the condyle moves forward, the superior head pulls articular disc forward to protect joint 4