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How big is that?
Diameter of hydrogen atom
1.06  10 8 cm
3
Diameter of the Moon
3.5  10 km
Diameter of the Earth
1.3  10 4 km
Diameter of the Sun
1.4  106 km
Diameter of the Milky Way
1.7  10 5 ly
Distance to the Moon
3.8  10 5 km
Distance to the Sun
Distance to the next nearest
star
Distance to the center of the
Milky Way
Distance to the nearest galaxy
1.5  108 km
4.2 ly
2.8  10 4 ly
5
1.7  10 ly
Mass of hydrogen atom
1.67  10 24 gm
Mass of the Moon
7.4  10 25 gm
6.0  10
27
gm
Mass of the Sun
2.0  10
 1M 
33
gm
Mass of the Milky Way
3  1012 M
Luminosity of the Sun
3.8  10 33 erg/s
 1L 
Luminosity of the largest
stars
10 5 L
Luminosity of the Milky Way
2  1010 L
Luminosity of quasar 3C 273
1012 L
Mass of the Earth
Earth’s rotation period
Moon’s revolution period
Earth’s revolution period
Sun’s revolution period
within Milky Way
Age of the solar system
Expected life span of the Sun
Age of the Universe
Earth’s equator rotation speed
Earth’s revolution speed
Sun’s speed within the Milky
Way
Milky Way’s speed within the
local Universe
8.64  10 4 s
(1 day)
27.322 days
365.25 days
(1 year)
2.4  108 years
4.6  109 years
1.5  1010 years
10
1.4  10 years
0.47 km/s
30 km/s
250 km/s
550 km/s
Typical lengths:
Normal star diameter
Distance between stars
Normal galaxy diameter
106 km
a few ly
10 5 ly
Distance between galaxies
Typical masses:
Smallest star
106 ly
Normal star
1 M
Giant star
10 M
Normal galaxy
1011  1012 M
Galaxy cluster
1014  1015 M
Typical luminosities:
Normal star
1L
Giant star
10 3  10 5 L
Normal galaxy
109  1010 L
Quasar
1012  1013 L
Typical timespans:
Planetary revolution
Galaxy rotation
1 year
Life of giant stars
106  109 years
Life of normal star
Typical speeds:
Planetary orbits
Stellar motion in galaxy
Between nearby galaxies
1010 years
0.08 M
107  109 years
10 km/s
100 km/s
100 km/s
Other important constants:
1 Mly = 106 ly
1 ly = 9.46  1012 km =
1 km = 10 5 cm
9.46  1017 cm
1 hour = 3600 s
1 erg =
1 gm cm2/s2
1 year = 3.16  107 s
  3.14159265359
Speed of light: c = 2.99792458  10 5 km/s =
2.99792458  1010 cm/s = 1 ly/year
Newton’s gravitational constant:

G  6.67  10 8 cm 3 gm s 2

Hubble’s constant: H 0 = 20 km/(sec Mly)
Hubble time: 1 H 0  1.5  1010 years
Object
Orbital semimajor axis
(AU)
Sun
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Moon
Mars
Phobos
Deimos
Jupiter
Metis
Adrastea
Amalthea
Thebe
Io
Europa
Ganymede
Callisto
Saturn
Titan
Uranus
Neptune
Triton
Pluto
Charon
0.387
0.723
1.000
1.524
5.203
9.539
19.191
30.061
39.529
(cm)
5.791E+12
1.082E+13
1.496E+13
3.844E+10
2.279E+13
9.380E+08
2.350E+09
7.783E+13
1.280E+10
1.290E+10
1.815E+10
2.220E+10
4.216E+10
6.709E+10
1.070E+11
1.880E+11
1.427E+14
1.222E+11
2.871E+14
4.497E+14
3.548E+10
5.914E+14
1.960E+09
Sidereal revolution
period
(years)
Orbital
Sidereal rotation
period
eccentricity
(days)
(days)
0.241
0.615
1.000
0.206
0.007
0.017
0.055
0.093
0.018
0.002
0.048
0.000
0.000
0.003
0.010
0.004
0.010
0.002
0.008
0.056
0.029
0.046
0.010
0.000
0.248
0.000
27.322
1.881
0.319
1.262
11.862
0.295
0.298
0.498
0.674
1.769
3.551
7.155
16.689
29.458
15.94
84.014
164.793
5.877
248.540
6.387
2
25.4
58.650
-243.01
0.997
27.322
1.026
0.319
1.262
0.414
0.300
0.290
0.498
0.674
1.769
3.551
7.155
16.689
0.444
15.900
0.718
0.671
5.877
6.387
6.387
Radius
(km)
695990
2436
6053
6378
1738
3399
14x10
8x6
71370
20
12x8
135x78
50
1815
1569
2631
2400
60336
2575
25576
24300
1355
1161
595
Mass
(gm)
1.99E+33
3.30E+26
4.87E+27
5.98E+27
7.35E+25
6.42E+26
9.60E+18
2.00E+18
1.90E+30
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8.89E+25
4.79E+25
1.48E+26
1.08E+26
5.69E+29
1.35E+26
8.68E+28
1.02E+29
2.14E+25
1.29E+25
1.77E+24
Visual
albedo
0.12
0.59
0.39
0.11
0.15
0.05
0.05
0.44
0.04
0.05
0.05
0.10
0.63
0.64
0.43
0.17
0.46
0.60
0.56
0.51
0.75
0.50
0.40