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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-3
War and Expansion in the United States
The United States expands across North America and fights a civil war.
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-3
War and Expansion in the United States
Americans Move West
Manifest Destiny
• Manifest destiny—U.S. has
duty to rule ocean to ocean
• U.S. pushes Native Americans continuously west to worse lands
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Who were the original
illegal immigrants into the
state of Texas?
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-3
War and Expansion in the United States
Texas Joins the United States
•American settlers enter Texas,
grow unhappy with Mexican rule
•Win independence in 1836
•U.S. annexes Texas in 1845
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-3
War and Expansion in the United States
Americans Move West
War with Mexico
•In 1848, U.S. wins Mexican War
 gains southwest, California
•In 1853, Gadsden Purchase
establishes current U.S.
boundaries
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Civil War Tests Democracy
North and South
•Labor in the North is supplied
by wage earners
•Northern economy has both
farms and industry
Continued…
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
•Southern economy is based on
plantations with slave labor
•Southern economy has little industry
•South grows a few cash crops (mainly
cotton)
•Slavery fuels disagreement over
states’ rights versus federal rights
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Civil War Breaks Out
• Abraham Lincoln—elected in 1860,
fiercely opposed by South
•Southern states secede—withdraw
from the Union
• U.S. Civil War—North defeats South
after bitter fighting (1861–1865)
Continued…
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Civil War Tests Democracy {continued}
Abolition of Slavery
• Emancipation Proclamation—Lincoln
• declared "that all persons held as slaves"
within the rebellious states "are, and
henceforward shall be free.“
• Amendments after war extend citizenship and
voting to blacks
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Civil War Tests Democracy {continued}
Chapter 10
Reconstruction
• From 1865 to 1877, northern troops occupy South, enforce new laws
• After Reconstruction, troops leave and Southerners pass new laws
•
Segregation—separation of
blacks and whites becomes
policy in South
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
The Postwar Economy
Chapter 10
Immigration
•By 1914 more than 20 million immigrants
arrive from Europe, Asia
• Most immigrants settle in West, Midwest, or Northeast U.S.
• Immigrants provide workforce needed for industrialization
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
The Postwar Economy
The Railroads
•Transcontinental railroad links east and
west in 1869
• Almost 200,000 miles of track cross U.S. by 1900
• Railroads allow quick movement of goods and raw materials
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-4
Nineteenth-Century Progress
Breakthroughs in science and technology transform daily life and entertainment.
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-4
Nineteenth-Century Progress
Inventions Make Life Easier
Edison the Inventor
• Thomas Edison patents over 1,000 inventions in research laboratory
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-4
Nineteenth-Century Progress
Inventions Make Life Easier
Bell and Marconi Revolutionize Communication
• In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone
• In 1895, Italian Guglielmo Marconi builds first radio
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-4
Nineteenth-Century Progress
Inventions Make Life Easier
Ford Sparks the Automobile Industry
• In 1880s, Germans invent first automobile
• Henry Ford lowers cost with assembly line—one task per worker
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Section-4
Nineteenth-Century Progress
Inventions Make Life Easier
The Wright Brothers Fly
• In 1903, Wright brothers develop first working airplane
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
New Ideas in Medicine
The Germ Theory of Disease
• Louis Pasteur discovers existence of bacteria while
observing fermentation
• He and others quickly discover that bacteria cause disease
• British surgeon Joseph Lister links bacteria to surgical problems
• Sterilizing instruments reduces deaths from infection
•Medical researchers develop vaccines
•cities improve sanitation
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
New Ideas in Science
Darwin Challenges Traditional Beliefs
•
Charles Darwin—English scientist
develops theory of evolution
• In 1880s most people believe in “special creation” by God
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Darwin’s idea of natural selection says competition elevates fittest
• Fittest then breed. Their offspring share their advantages.
•Theory of evolution—species
change slowly through natural
selection
Continued…
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
4
New Ideas in Science {continued}
Mendel and Genetics
• Austrian monk Gregor Mendel discovers patterns to inherited traits
• Mendel’s work begins the science of genetics
Advances in Chemistry and Physics
• In 1803, John Dalton theorizes all matter is made of atoms
• In 1869, Dmitri Mendeleev creates periodic table of the elements
•
Radioactivity—type of energy
discovered by Marie and Pierre Curie
• Ernest Rutherford says atoms have a nucleus surrounded by electrons
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
Social Sciences Explore Behavior
New Ideas in Social Science
• Sciences of archaeology, sociology, anthropology begin in 1800s
•
Psychology—study of
human mind and behavior
• Ivan Pavlov believes human actions actually unconscious reactions
• Sigmund Freud studies unconscious and develops psychoanalysis
• Freud, Pavlov shake Enlightenment’s faith in reason
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Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction
Chapter 10
The Rise of Mass Culture
From Leisure Culture to Mass Culture
• Mass culture—art, music, writing, entertainment for large
audience
Changes Produce Mass Culture
• Leisure activities (movies, music) now available to working class
Music Halls, Vaudeville, and Movies
• Traveling acts feature music, juggling, dancing
• In 1880s, people develop early projections of moving images
• By the early 1900s, filmmakers produce the first feature films
Sports Entertain Millions
• Spectator sports draw huge crowds; modern Olympics in Greece, 1896
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