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Contents
CHAPTER
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
2.11
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
TITLE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
Extremophiles
Poly-Extremophiles
Extremozymes
Halophiles
Rationale of the study
OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Halophiles
Habitats of halophilic and moderately halophilic bacteria
Types of halophilic microorganisms
Osmoadaptation strategies
Characterstics features of halophiles
Applications of halophiles
Amylase
Protease
Glutaminase
Lipase
Genes conferring salt tolerance
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sample Collection
Chemical analysis of water sample
Enrichment and screening of soil sediment samples for
halophilic bacteria
Biochemical characterization of halophilic bacterial isolates
of soil sample
Effect of NaCl and KCl on the growth of halophilic
bacterial isolates
Effect of physical parameters on the growth of halophilic
bacterial isolates
Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on the growth of
halophilic bacterial isolates
Effect of metal ions on the growth of halophilic bacterial
isolates
Growth kinetics of halophilic bacterial isolates
Characterization of enzymes from halophilic bacterial
isolates.
Study of genetic diversity of halophilic isolates of Lunsu
soil sample
Molecular identification of halophilic bacterial isolate
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1-10
1-2
2
3-4
4-9
9
10
11-46
11
11-15
15-20
21-26
27- 28
28-32
33-35
35-37
37-40
40-42
42-46
47-59
47
47
48
48-49
49-50
50
50-51
51
51
51-54
54-55
56
3.13
4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
6
7
Isolation and cloning of gene(s) conferring salt tolerance
from halophilic bacteria
RESULTS
NaCl is the predominant salt in Lunsu water
Halophilic and halotolerant bacteria are present in the soil
sediments of Lunsu water body
Morphological and biochemical characteristic features of
halophilic bacterial isolates
SS1 and SS3 are strict halophiles, while SS2, SS4, SS5,
SS6, SS7 and SS8 are halotolerant bacteria
Growth of SS1 and SS3 was inhibited in the presence of
KCl
Bacterial isolates except SS8, are haloalkaliphilic in nature
Effect of temperature on the growth of halophilic bacterial
isolates
The halophilic and halotolerant bacterial isolates exhibit
complex growth requirement
Metal ions had varied effect on Growth of halophilic
bacterial isolates
Growth kinetics of halophilic bacterial isolates
Halophilic bacterial isolates SS1 and SS3 exhibit salt
dependent halophilic amylase activity
The halophilic bacterial isolates SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4 and
SS7 have protease activity
The halophilic bacterial isolates SS2, SS4, SS7 possess
halotolerant lipase activity
All the halophilic bacterial isolates except SS1 exhibit
glutaminase activity
Halophilic bacterial isolates of Lunsu are phylogenetically
different
Diverse halophiles were found in the soil sediment of
Lunsu water body
Isolation of gene(s) conferring salt tolerance from
Halobacillus trueperi SS1
DISCUSSION
Lunsu water represents a moderate hypersaline
environment
Isolation of halophilic bacterial isolates from Lunsu Soil
sediment
The halophilic and halotolerant bacterial isolates exhibited
complex growth requirement
Halozymes are produced by halophilic bacterial isolates of
Lunsu
RAPD PCR analysis of halophilic bacterial isolates
Molecular analysis identified five types of halophilic
bacteria in Lunsu
Isolation of gene conferring salt tolerance from
Halobacillus trueperi SS1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS AND FUTURE
56-59
60-102
60-61
62
63-64
64-67
67-69
69-72
72-74
75-78
78-80
80-81
81-83
83-85
86-88
88-89
90-92
92-95
96-102
103-110
103
103-104
104
104-107
107
107-109
109-110
111-115
116
8
9
10
DIRECTIONS
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
PUBLICATIONS
117-133
134-145
146