Download rocks and minerals

THE FORMATION OF ROCKS
I. Rock forming minerals
A. Rocks and Minerals
1. Rocks ­
2. Minerals ­ a.
b.
3. Some minerals are mixtures like plagioclase feldspar.
B. Types of Mineral Composition
1. Monomineralic
a. 2. Polymineralic a.
3. Over two thousand minerals have been identified.
a.
b.
C. Silicate minerals
1. Two most abundant elements in the crust are...
a.
b.
c. ref table ­ pg ____ & pg _____
d. most common group of minerals ___________
Title: Apr 26 ­ 10:04 AM (1 of 10)
2. Structural units of silicates ­ 3. silicate bonding
a.
b. C. Physical & Chemical Properties of Minerals
1.
2.
3. Shape
a.
b.
c. crystal face ­ Title: Apr 26 ­ 10:19 AM (2 of 10)
4. Cleavage & Fracture
a.
b. cleavage ­
c. cleavage plane ­
d. fracture ­ Moh’s Scale of Hardness
5. Color
a.
b.
*c. worst characteristic to use Talc (Softest) Gypsum Calcite Fluorite Apatite Feldspar (AKA Albite) 6. Hardness
a.
b.
Quartz Topaz Corundum Diamond (Hardest) 7. Streak
a.
b. c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
Title: Apr 26 ­ 2:12 PM (3 of 10)
8. Luster
a. b. metallic ­
c. nometallic ­
d. dull (earthy)
http://www.utc.edu/Faculty/Jonathan­Mies/wkshop/wkshop_prod/min_tbl1.gif
9. Interaction of light or penetration of light
a. transparent ­
b. translucent ­
c. opaque ­
10. Specific gravity
a.
b.
c.
11. Chemical analysis
a. may need special equipment
b. acid tests are possible
Title: Apr 26 ­ 2:23 PM (4 of 10)
II. HOW ROCKS FORM
Note ­ ROCKS ARE CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO THERE ORIGIN A. Igneous Rock
1. Formation
a.
b.
c.
2. Classification of igneous rock
a.
b. texture
3. The size of the crystal depends on the rate of cooling
4. Extrusion(volcanic)
a. lava
b. 5. Intrusions(plutonic)
a.
b. Title: Apr 26 ­ 2:40 PM (5 of 10)
6. Continental Crust
a.
b.
c.
7. Oceanic crust
a.
b.
8. Scheme of igneous rock
a.
b.
*
*
*
Title: Apr 26 ­ 2:50 PM (6 of 10)
B. Sedimentary Rock
1. Can be composed of....
a.
b.
c.
2. 3.
4. Clastic (fragmental) Sedimentary rocks
1.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
5. Classification of sedimentary rocks
a. based on texture and size of grains
* shale ­ * sandstone ­ * conglomerate ­ Title: Apr 28 ­ 10:04 AM (7 of 10)
6. Bioclastic (organic)
a. Form from the accumulation of plant and animal remains
* coal ­ * limestone ­
** limestone can be crystalline or bioclastic
7. Crystalline (chemical)
a. two types ­ (both start as minerals dissolved in water)
b. all crystalline sedimentary rocks are monomineralic
* Evaporates ­
* Precipatates ­
8. Fossils
a.
b.
Title: Apr 28 ­ 10:16 AM (8 of 10)
C. Metamorphic Rocks
1. Recrystalization ­
2.
3.
4. Changes due to recrystalization
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
5. Types of metamorphisms and origins
a. Regional *
*
*
B. Contact metamorphisms
*
*
*
*
Title: Apr 28 ­ 10:25 AM (9 of 10)
6. Parent Rock and Children (pebbles)
a. limestone ­
b. slate ­
c. sandstone ­ d. shale ­
III. The Rock Cycle A. Rock can change
1. 2.
3. rocks can have more than one origin
Title: Apr 28 ­ 10:35 AM (10 of 10)