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Tectonics of Magma VOLCANOES Mt St Helens Before • Basaltic magma – From partial melting of mantle – Occurs at oceanic ridges and mantle plumes – More dense: makes oceanic crust • Granitic magma – From melting of crust, with water as flux – Occurs at convergent boundaries – Less dense: makes continental crust http://www.ncusd203.org/north/depts/science/slack/mt_helens.html Hawaii http://volcano.und.nodak.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/north_america/hawaii/big_island.html Ash of Mt St Helens Kilauea Low viscosity lava http://smart.tin.it/domsky/4/fotos-imagenes/immagini/1/2002_07_28_archive.html http://www.fhvnp.org/albums/seminar_1142006.htm Terms • Viscosity: resistance to flow • Pyroclastic: material blown into the air by volcanic eruption • What is the relationship of lava viscosity to pyroclastic production by a volcano? • Greater viscosity=more likely to have pyroclastic material Lava character • Volcanic gas information below http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/VolGas/volgas.html 1 Kilauea spatter cone MtStHelens Ash Bed http://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.html (dead link 2007.11.13) http://www.billystudio.com/photo_album/Big_Island/Volcano_Park_Slide/pages/Kilauea%20Spatter%20Cone%201984.htm Volcanic bombs http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.html Sept. 2002 http://www.geology.mcmail.com/volcanoes.htm Ash of Mt. St. Helens http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm Pahoehoe lava Volcanocam see http://www.fs.fed.us/gpnf/volcanocams/msh/ Photo credit see http://www.roddyscheer.com/mt_st_helens.html http://www.doubledeckerpress.com/pahoe.htm Mt St Helens After http://www.ncusd203.org/north/depts/science/slack/mt_helens.html Pahoehoe http://gaia.busanedu.net/~creative/2002/cyber/rock/pages/20651_pahoehoe.htm 2 Pahoehoe AA Welded tuff http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/geology/images/aa_pahoehoe_lg.jpg http://www.mistermoose.org/rtw/usa/hawaii/pahoehoe.html Ash Bed http://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.html bomb Volcanic bombs http://www.wooster.edu/geology/bjordan/ECalPics/ECal.html http://www.volcanicimages.com/krakatau/krakatau.html http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/bomb.html http://www.geog.utah.edu/~hmiller/photos/Mt_Hood.jpg Mt Hood Fujiyama Paricutin http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.html http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_composite_volc_Fujiyama.jpg 3 Crater Lake Kilauea Caldera Shield volcano http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Products/Pglossary/ShieldVolcano.html http://www.globalgeografia.com/album/oceania.htm Shield volcano http://earth.geol.ksu.edu/sgao/g100tu/plots/1008_shield_volc.jpg Active Lava Tube Curtain of fire Lava fountain from fissure http://www.uhh.hawaii.edu/~csav/gallery/decker/hawaii_curtain_of_fire.php Parícutin Cinder cones http://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.html http://www.doubledeckerpress.com/skylight.htm http://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/GEOG_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htm 4 Cinder cone Ash from Paricutin Paricutin http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.html http://www.greenville.k12.oh.us/volcano/cindercone.html San Juan Parangaricutiro Mt Etna Aspects of volcano types http://www.bol.ucla.edu/~asuarezn/Paricutin_page.html http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect13/Sect13_4d.html Composite cone http://courses.unt.edu/hwilliams/GEOG_3350/examreviews/volcanic_structures.htm Ring of fire http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/fire.html Cascade Volcano eruptions http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm 5 http://www.geog.utah.edu/~hmiller/photos/Mt_Hood.jpg Mt Hood Blasted summit of Mt. St. Helens http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm Nuee Ardente Martinique http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm Martinique Video of nuee ardente: http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/apes/images.html http://www.geo.mtu.edu/volcanoes/west.indies/soufriere/govt/images/051296/pf_sea.mpg http://www.geology.sdsu.edu/ how_volcanoes_work/Pelee.html St Helens Blast Zone Whaleback dome in Mt. St. Helens Lahar Link to Nevado del Ruiz http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/Hazards/What/Lahars/RuizLahars.html St Helens Deposits http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/st_helens/sthelens.htm 6 Crater Lake Caldera initial stage Caldera final stage Kilauea Caldera Kilauea Caldera—Stage 1 Kilauea Caldera—Stage 2 http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html http://satftp.soest.hawaii.edu/space/hawaii/nav/ap.kilauea.html Kilauea Caldera—Stage 3 Valles Grande Flood basalt http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/howwork/subsidence/inflate_deflate.html http://ve.ou.edu/weaver/votw/valles.htm 7 Flood basalt Flood basalt http://www.gly.uga.edu/railsback/FieldImages/BasaltTwinFalls.jpeg http://www.bedford.k12.ny.us/flhs/science/images/floodbasalt.jpg Shiprock Deccan basalt http://www.accuracyingenesis.com/deccan.html Volcanic summary http://www.uwosh.edu/faculty_staff/muldoon/51-360/Moes_pics/pages/6B_Ship_Rock_gif.htm 8
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