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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
DENTISTRY STUDENTS
Definitions– Extra Requirements
vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, H, K)
1. Vitamins
Albert Szent-Györgyi
1. What is Life?
organization
reproduction
growth
ontogeny
respiration
excitability
motion
homeostasis
evolution
Louis Pasteur
1. Origin of Life
Oparin's hypothesis
Miller's experiment
primordial soup, primordial pizza
monophyletic life
homochirality
RNA-Cell Hypothesis
1. The Cell
phosphatidyl choline
endosymbiotic theory
2. DNA is the genetic material
Linus Pauling
2. Structure of DNA
2. Mutations and Repair
spontaneous mutation
induced mutation
keto and enol forms
peroxide
non-random mutations (global, directional mutation .... etc.).
free radical
The Central Dogma
3. RNAs for protein synthesis
ribozyme
3. Non-coding RNA
small nuclear RNA (snRNA)
DICER
RNA interference
antisense RNA
Micro RNA (miRNA), pri-miRNA, pre-miRNA
Drosha
pre-initiation complex
mRNA transport
RNA polymerase I and III
3. Transcription
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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
polysome
mRNA editing
3. Post-transcriptional processes
deaminase
mRNA stability
supramolecular structure of proteins
3. Proteins
molecular chaperone and chaperonin
laws of thermodynamics
3. Enzymes
bioluminescence
translation
3. Protein Synthesis
translation initiation, elongation, termination
initiation, elongation, termination factors
charge (amino acid attachment to tRNA)
amino-acyl transferase
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
A-site, P-and E-site (on Ribosome)
peptide bond
translocation
polysome
anchored junction
4. Cytoskeleton, cell cycle
adherent junction
hemidesmosome
microfilament
actin
intermediate filaments
nuclear lamina
microtubule
centrosome
centriole
M phase promoting factor (MPF)
Quality control in the ER
5.Protein Transport
N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides
protein disulfide isomerase
lectin: calnexin, calreticulin
Tom (the outer membrane translocon)
Tim (the inner membrane translocon)
v-SNARE
5. Vesicular Transport
t-SNARE
COP and COP-I-II
clathrin
sorting signal
WAMP
importin
5. Nuclear transport
exportin
Ran, Ran/GTP, Ran/GEF, Ran Gap
cargo
NLS (nuclear localization sequence)
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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
NES (nuclear export signal)
Exporter mRNA complex
Human Genome Project
6. Structure of Human Genome
Human genome: raw and full version
Human Variome Projects
1000 Genome Project
South Africa Project
conservative genes
One gene, one enzyme hypothesis
one cistron one polypeptide hypothesis
genome annotation
pseudogene
genefragment
copy number variation (CNV)
LINE
SINE
Alu sequences
MIR (mammalian interspersed repeats)
retrogene
phenotypic complexity
c-value paradox / c-value enigma
theories about the role of non-coding DNA
partial diploid
8. lac operon
transcription factor
8. Transcription regulation in eukaryotes
origin of replication
alternative promoter usage
alternative splicing
alternative polyadenylation
induced gene expression
steroid hormones
interferon 
heat shock protein
hsp90
GRE (glucocorticoid response element)
STAT-1 
negative and positive feedback (feedback)
siRNA
8. RNA interference
DICER
RISC
RITS
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
chromogenic substrate
modification of histones: phosphorylation
8.Epigenetic Regulation
kinase
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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
phosphatase
Epigenom Human Project
cloning
Histone Code Hypothesis
epigenetic code
epigenetic program
maternal effect
8. Epigenetic inheritance
genetic imprinting
paternal and maternal imprinting
imprinting in Ethology (Konrad Lorenz)
Prader-Willi syndrome
Angelman syndrome
the post-genome era
9. The limits of Mendelian genetics
nystagmus
Mendel’s radio
9. Gene interactions
Common Variant Hypothesis
9. Polygenic traits
Rare variant Hypothesis
9. Phenotype
fossils
10. General aspects of evolution
continental drift
common descent
natural selection
sexual selection
artificial selection
speciation
isolation barrier
Red Queen Hypothesis
10. Molecular evolution
exon duplication
evolution
exon shuffling
poliploidization
homologous
ortologous
monophyletic
polyphyletic
Molecular phylogenetics and molecular phylogenetic tree
molecular clock
genetic markers
"r" and "K" reproductive strategies
10. General aspects of evolution
good genes theory and runaway selection theory
Modern Synthesis - population genetics
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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
fitness
the selfish gene theory
sociobiology and evolution
speciation
10. Evolution of man
the origin of Homo sapiens: Outbound from Africa and the Multi-Regional
Theory
Savannah and Aquatic ape hypothesis
heterochrony
allometry
the superfamily of globin genes
10. Molecular evolution
de novo gene generation
Hox gene clusters
horizontal gene transfer
phylogenetic tree
convergent evolution
heterochrony
allometry
bottle neck effect
Mitochondrial Eve
Y-chromosomal Adam
VNTR analysis
the origin of viruses: the 4 Hypothesis
11. Viruses-I
IRES (internal ribosome recognition site)
leaky scanning
Theta and rolling circle -type replication
endemic
pandemic
epidemic
the Baltimore classification
13. Techniques of Molecular and Cell Biology -I
13. Techniques of Molecular and Cell Biology -II
Neuroendocrine Theory
14. Aging
Mutation Theory
Autoimmune Theory
Cross-Binding Theory
Stem Cell Theory
Evolutionary Theories
sex-determination system
14. Sex determination
XX / XY system
SRY gene and TDF
Swyer syndrome
Testosterone
"Z" gene
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Definitions – Extra Requirements- Dentistry
XX/X0 system
ZZ / ZW system
DMRT1 gene
haplodiploidy
non-genetic sex-determination systems
parasexuality
biodiversity
14. Human and Ecology
Red Book
Global Warming
the Kyoto Climate Change Conference
Ozone depletion
Bioremediation
Metagenomics
Please note that the definition list contains only the "Definitions" section of the exam paper. To learn this list
does not substitute for meaningful learning all of the materials.
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