Download US Benchmark 1 Terms Terms Definition Significance New

US Benchmark 1 Terms Terms Definition Significance New England Colonies First settled by the Pilgrims at Communities developed Plymouth. Families came to quickly and production and live, developed communities industry quickly follow governed by the church Southern Colonies First settled at Jamestown. Large spread out farms/ Men came looking profit, plantations dominate. A need tobacco production explodes for workers will lead to Slavery Stamp Act & Sugar Act British Parliament pass taxes Colonists begin to protest the in the Colonies to help pay for taxes, Begins the war debt Revolutionary spirit Boston Tea Party In reaction to the Tea Act, Colonial resistance grows, Members of the Sons of British are forced to punish Liberty boarded a British ship the citizens of Boston and dumped tea into Boston Harbor Intolerable Acts In reaction to the Boston Tea Led to the First Continental Party the British punish the Congress city of Boston. Including taking over local govt in Mass.
Lexington and Concord The first shots of the The American Revolution American Revolution were begins. fired and Lexington and at Concord; the Redcoats were turned back to Boston. Yorktown The last battle of the Am. Revolution. Cornwallis surrenders to Washington with the help of the French Fleet George Washington Top general during the Washington becomes a Revolution, he kept the troops national hero and will become together the 1st President America had gained it’s independence. Declaration of Independence A document that told the Laid out the basic beliefs of world that the 13 colonies individual rights and that were separated from England governmental power lies with the people Constitution (Bill of Rights) Our government, created 3 branches of govt. (legislature, executive, judiciary), with Checks and Balances, established Federalism, and was able to be amended ensured that no branch of govt. would be too powerful and that it could be changed to serve the needs of the people. Jeffersonian republicanism Jefferson believed that the Strengthened the idea that people should control the govt govt power rests in the and that a “smaller” govt was people best judicial review Established in the court case, Cemented the Supreme Marbury vs. Madison, the idea Court’s power in the system that, the Supreme Court of checks and balances could could say what was Constitutional (correct) and unconstitutional (wrong) Missouri Compromise Missouri was admitted to the Union as a slave state and Maine a free state, the 36, 30’ line stated above would be free and below slave states Showed the growing sectionalism between the North and the South and foreshadowed the Civil War Monroe Doctrine Set up two American foreign policy ideals for the Americas: non­intervention and non­colonization for European nations Laid the foundation for American dominance in the Western Hemisphere and future involvement in other North and South American nations Indian Removal Act Passed Congress and Uprooted Native American President Jackson, led to the tribes and led to the Trial of forced migration of Native Tears Americans to Reservations in the West Manifest Destiny The belief that it was America’s duty to settle and claim all lands from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean in order to spread American culture Led directly to the Lewis & Clark Expedition, Westward expansion, and the conflicts with Na. Americans and Spain and Mexico California Gold Rush In 1849 gold was discovered Led to a worldwide migration at Sutter’s Mill in California to the West Coast including thousands of Chinese Abolition The idea that the institution of slavery should be gotten rid of
in United States, particularly in the South Further divided the North and South as Southerners believed Northerners wanted to end their way of life Seneca Falls Convention A meeting of 300 women, a Declaration of Sentiments was drafted calling for Women’s Rights A key step to women getting full rights as citizens including the right to vote Secession The idea that if a state did not like what the govt. was doing, the state could leave the Union and form their own govt. Southern states led by South Carolina threatened to leave (and eventually did) because they thought the Northern led govt. was anti­slavery Popular sovereignty The idea that the people in each state should be able to vote if the state would be slave or free. Nullified the “slave line” set in the Missouri Compromise and further divided the North and the South Underground Railroad Routes that runaway slaves took to escape from the South to the North or Canada,
the most famous conductor was Harriet Tubman Southerners believed that Northern abolitionists were helping slaves escape, led to increased tensions between the North and the South Dred Scott Slave that was taken by his master to a free state, went to court to say that he was free, court said no. Supreme Court stated that people of African descent were not citizens and would never be. Angered the abolitionists in the North, saw Southern influence over the Supreme Court and led to distrust of the Court. Confederacy Southern States (led by South Carolina) that left the Union as a result of the election of Lincoln Directly led to the start of the Civil War. Emancipation Proclamation Speech given by Lincoln. Gave the Civil War a moral Freed the slaves in the states cause, now the goal was to that were still in rebellion end slavery income tax A tax taken by the govt. that takes a percentage of an individual's income passed to pay for the Civil War, but used as the main way for the govt. to get money Gettysburg Address Speech given by Lincoln to dedicate a cemetery after the Battle of Gettysburg. Seen as a uniting force for the entire Nation Considered one of the greatest definitions of America, emphasized one united nation. Thirteenth Amendment Slavery is outlawed in the United States Made all African Americans free. Reconstruction The plan to have the South re­integrated into the Union After the Civil War, the Union was put back together again, but all the racial issues were not solved and would linger Fourteenth Amendment guaranteed citizenship to any Nullified the Dred Scott ruling person born or naturalized in and legally made all people the United States citizens Fifteenth Amendment No one can be kept from voting due to race, color, of previously being a slave Guaranteed that voting rights could not be taken based on color, but in the South they would find ways around this Ku Klux Klan Mostly a Southern group whose goal was to limit African American rights. Showed the harsh resistance to integrating African Am. into society Homestead Act The govt promised free land Contributed to the massive in the West to any family that migration from the East to the went and settled it West. Populism A political movement that Showed the need for farmers favored farmers and workers and workers to be served by the govt. Transcontinental Railroad A railroad connected the East Increased industry and and West coasts manufacturing across the United States due to the ease of transporting people and goods Carnegie and Rockefeller Robber Barons that Big business took control of controlled industry and wealth the nation. Corruption and in America. Carnegie industry will dominate controlled the steel industry and Rockefeller controlled oil Sherman Antitrust Act Passed by Congress, made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states and other nations Largely ineffective in controlling trusts, but illustrates the public’s desire to have govt regulate big business