Download study guide2rev F11

1
11/6/11
Bio 11 Lecture Test 2 – Study Guide
Ch. 7 immunity
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Describe the components of the first line of defense (external barriers)
Know the roles of the nonspecific internal defenses: phagocytes, NK cells,
interferon, the complement system, inflammation, fever
What are HLA proteins and how do they assist NK cells and phagocytes?
What two properties distinguish the nonspecific and specific defenses?
What role do B cells play in specific immunity?
Vocabulary: know the difference between an antigen and antibody.
What are the 3 types of T cells and how do they function in immunity?
What are autoimmune disorders?
What is antibiotic resistance? Why is it a problem?
Explain how vaccinations work. Which immune cells are involved?
HIV attacks and kills helper T cells. Why does this make HIV a particularly lethal
virus?
Ch. 11-12 Musculoskeletal system
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
What are the functions of the skeletal system?
Describe the structure and function of spongy and compact bone.
What are the roles of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone growth, remodeling
and repair?
What is osteoporosis?
What are the functions of skeletal muscles?
Describe the structure of skeletal muscles and muscle fibers.
Describe the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. What are the roles of
the actin and myosin filaments? What signals muscle contraction? What is the
role of ATP?
Where do skeletal muscle cells get the energy (ATP) needed for contraction?
Ch. 13 Nervous system
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Know the functions of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord.
What structures protect the CNS?
Describe the three types of neurons and their roles in the nervous system.
Describe the structure of a neuron (dendrites, cell body, axon). What is the
function of the myelin sheath?
Understand the organization of the nervous system. What is the difference
between the central and peripheral nervous systems?
Distinguish between the somatic and autonomic/sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems.
How are electrical signals sent through the neuron? What is a resting potential?
an action potential?
How does the nerve impulse traverse the synapse? Which neurotransmitter is
used to signal muscle contraction?
How do drugs affect the brain? What causes Alzheimer’s disease?
2
11/6/11
Ch. 15 Endocrine system
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems.
How do hormones recognize their target cells?
Describe the difference between steroid and peptide hormones. How do their
mechanisms of action differ?
What parts of the brain secrete hormones? Why are they called “master”
endocrine glands?
Most hormone secretion is regulated by negative feedback. How does this work?
Describe a) the functions of human growth hormone and thyroxine (T3/T4) and b)
diseases associated with under- and over-production of these hormones.
Which hormones regulate blood glucose and calcium homeostasis. Why are
these hormones called antagonists?
What is diabetes (Type 1 and 2) and how might you prevent Type 2 diabetes?