Download Removal of chlorophenols from water using low

Removal of chlorophenols from water using low-cost
agricultural wastes
El-Sayed I.
1
Mishaqa
El-Sayed I. Mishaqa1, Torsten C. Schmidt 2 , Samy M. AbdelAzeem3
1*- Reference Laboratory for Drinking Water,Holding Company for Water & Wastewater ,Egypt.
2 -University Duisburg-Essen Chair of Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitätsstr. 5,45141 Essen, Germany
3- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Introduction
Aromatic compounds belong to a group of general environmental pollutants from industry. The existence of their even low concentrations can be a trouble to the use or
reuse of water. Industrial sources of pollutants such as phenolic resin production (400 mg/L), refineries (50 mg/L),shale dry distillation (200 mg/L) and naphthalenic acid
production (12 mg/L), etc. generate large quantities of phenols [1]. In addition, phenolic derivatives are largely used as intermediates in the production of plastics, colors,
pesticides, insecticides etc. Phenols cause distasteful taste and odor of drinking water and can exert negative effects on different biological processes. Phenol and its
derivatives also show mutagenic effect by unbinding of the DNA helix, inhibition of DNA synthesis in the human Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells, induction of gene
mutations, chromosome aberrations, and aneuploid formations (phenol, catechol) [2]. A connection has been also established between the presence of chlorophenols
and development of the non-Hodgkin lymphatic system neoplasmic changes [3]. As a result, the elimination or destruction of phenols from wastewaters is of great
importance.
There are many billion kilograms of agricultural waste products in Egypt. These materials are considered a significant waste disposal problem. They are often used as
foodstuff, energy fuel, or compost, etc. But many are treated as waste. So it is promising to develop the other ways in order to utilize these by-products. Agricultural
waste materials are economic and eco-friendly due to their unique chemical composition, availability in abundance, renewable, low in cost and more efficient, and are
seem to be viable option for heavy metal, organics and dye remediation.(4)
Flow Chart of the Preparation of activated carbon
Methods
•
Chemical Activation method for the preparation of the activated carbon form
rice husk, using phosphoric acid.
• Standard Spectrophotometric method for measuring the chlorophenols, using
a UV/visible spectrophotometer.
• The removal percentage, removal% , were calculated by the following
equations:
𝑪𝒐 − 𝑪𝒆
% 𝐑𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐯𝐚𝐥 =
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎
𝑪𝒐
where C0 and Ce are the initial and equilibrium concentrations of the chlorophenols
(mg/L), respectively.
Pre-Treatment( Washing-Drying-milling -Sieving-Extracting)
Impregnation in H3PO4 for 48 h
Washing ,filtration then drying
Pyrolysis in closed atmosphere at 500˚ c for 90 min
Results
Effect of Time on the removal % of 2,4-DCP
Calibration curve for 2,4-DCP
R² = 0,9996
Removal %
1,5
1
0,5
0
50
100
Concentration mg/l
150
200
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
0,00
1,38
Effect of the AC dose on Removal % of 2,4-DCP
90
80
Removal %
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
100
70,00
2,23
Time ( h )
100
50
80,00
0,08 0,17 0,25 0,33 0,50 0,75 1,00 1,67 2,00 2,50 3,00 21,00 24,00 48,00
Effect of Initial Concentration on the removal % by AC
25
90,00
150
200
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
50
Initial Concentration of 2,4-DCP (mg/l)
100
250
Activated Carbon dose ( mg)
6,40
pH value
10,31
11,44
Effect of ionic strength on the removal % of 2,4-DCP
Removal %
25
Removal %
Effect of different
parameters on the
removal % :
Contact time, initial
concentration, pH
value , Activated
carbon (AC) dose and
ionic strength.
Absorbance
2
100,00
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Removal %
2,5
Effect of pH value on the removal % of 2,4-DCP
500
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
70
160
360
1000
NaCl added (mg )
Conclusions and outlook
•
•
•
The Results showed that maximum removal of the chlorophenols compounds was at pH 1.38 with recovery in the range 85.04.% and equilibration was achieved after
180 min contact time.
The results reached by this project work can be used for determination of optimum conditions for removal of chlorophenols in aqueous solutions by activated carbon
prepared from agricultural wastes.
Chlorophenols always exist in various Industrial effluents like textile industries, Sewage water and water treatment plants. This work can be used in the design of
adsorption columns for removing them.
References
[1] J. Chen, W.H. Rulkens and H. Bruning, Water Sci. Technol., 35 (1997) 231–238
[2] T. Tsutsui, N. Hayashi, H. Maizumi, J. Huff and .C. Barrett, utation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis, 373 (1997) 113–123
[3] J.D. Buckley, A.T. Meadows, M.E. Kadin, M.M. LeBeau, S. Siegel and L.L. Robison, Cancer, 89 (2000) 2315–2321
[4] Amina A. Attia, Badie S. Girgis and Nady A. Fathy,J. Dyes and Pigments, 76, 282(2008)
Contact: El-Sayed Ibrahim Mishaqa , Refrence Lab. For Drinking Water,Holding Co. For Water & Wastewater,Egypt, E-MAIL: [email protected]
Funded by:
www.uni-due.de/zwu/iwatec