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Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 1 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.1 Compare the characteristics of the three main types of rocks Answer Key: D The table below shows how four different rocks were formed and gives their composition. Granite is one kind of intrusive igneous rock. Which rock described in the table is most likely granite? A. 1 This answer is not correct. The characteristics of this rock are typical of sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks form from particles that are compressed (pushed) together over long periods of time. B. 2 This answer is not correct. The characteristics of this rock are typical of sedimentary rocks. Some sedimentary rocks, such as limestone, form when the shells of marine organisms and calcite are compressed (pushed) together over long periods of time. C. 3 This answer is not correct. The characteristics of this rock are typical of some igneous rocks. However, granite is an igneous rock that forms inside Earth’s mantle and not at the surface. D. 4 This answer is correct. Granite is an igneous rock that forms when magma made of quartz and other minerals cools and crystallizes below Earth’s surface. Page 1 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 2 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.10 Compare the characteristics and movement patterns of the planets in our solar system Answer Key: C Which of the following best describes the inner planets of the solar system? A. Large gas planets with thick atmospheres This answer is not correct. This would be a good description for the outer planets, not the inner planets. B. Small planets of ice with elliptical orbits This answer is not correct. All planets have elliptical orbits, but only the dwarf outer planets are made up largely of ice. C. Dense, rocky planets with few moons This answer is correct. The four inner planets are known as the terrestrial planets because they have solid surfaces and are made from dense minerals and rocks. The inner planets have fewer moons compared to the outer planets. D. Barren planets with rings of gas and dust This answer is not correct. Some of the outer planets have rings of gas and dust, but none of the inner planets have rings. Page 2 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 3 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.8 Describe the composition of objects in the galaxy Answer Key: B Many stars in the universe, including the sun, maintain fusion reactions in their cores. Such stars are known as main sequence stars. What is the primary fuel of main sequence stars? A. Uranium This answer is not correct. Heavy elements like uranium are created when a star goes into its supernova stage. The supernova stage is after the main sequence stage in the stellar life cycle. B. Hydrogen This answer is correct. A main sequence star, like the sun, is composed of about 73% hydrogen and 25% helium. In their cores, main sequence stars fuse hydrogen to form helium. Hydrogen is the fuel of a main sequence star. The main sequence star becomes a red giant when the amount of hydrogen runs low. Then the star must fuse helium to form carbon. Now helium is the primary fuel of the star. C. Oxygen This answer is not correct. Elements such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen make up only 2% of the elements found in a main sequence star. D. Carbon This answer is not correct. Elements such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen make up only 2% of the elements found in a main sequence star. Page 3 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 4 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.11 Describe the major components of the universe A black hole is shown, which is the last stage in a particular type of star’s life cycle. Place the earlier stages of this star’s life cycle in correct sequence in the blank boxes. Only three of the star stages shown match this star’s life cycle. Answer Key: 3 points For this item, the response correctly: • places the high-mass main sequence star as the first stage of a star that ends its life as a black hole AND • places the red supergiant as the second stage of a star that ends its life as a black hole AND • places the supernova as the last stage of a star before it becomes a black hole. 2 points For this item, the response correctly: • places two of the three stages of a star’s life cycle that ends its life as a black hole. 1 point For this item, the response correctly: • places one of the three stages of a star’s life cycle that ends its life as a black hole. 0 points The response provides an incorrect response for all three parts of the item. The response may have placed the incorrect stage of the star’s life cycle in each of the boxes. The response may have placed the incorrect and the correct stages of the star’s life cycle in each of the boxes (the response earns credit if only the correct stage is in the correct box). Page 4 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Sample Student Answer: Explanation of Correct Answer: The high-mass main sequence star will become a red supergiant and then a supernova. The supernova will then become a black hole, which is the last stage in this particular star’s life. Page 5 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 5 Reporting Category: Biological and Physical Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.6.3 Identify the characteristics and properties of mechanical and electromagnetic waves Answer Key: D The diagram shows the locations of several students and two mirrors. • • • Student P is standing in Room 1 looking into Room 2. Student R is standing in Room 2. There are two mirrors in Room 2. Student Q and Student S are in Room 3. Student P can see one student in Mirror M. Which student can Student P see in Mirror M? A. Student P Student P cannot see himself in the mirror because the mirror is tilted away from him. B. Student Q Student Q is not visible to Student P because there is a wall between Student Q and the lower mirror. C. Student R Student R is not visible to Student P because there is a wall between them and light would not go from Student R to either mirror and enter the eyes of Student P because of the mirrors' locations and tilt. D. Student S This answer is correct. Light from Student S goes to the right, hits the lower mirror, goes up, hits the upper mirror, goes left, and enters Student P's eyes. Page 6 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 6 Reporting Category: Biological & Physical Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.6.1 Explain the relationship between the color of light and wavelength within the electromagnetic spectrum Answer Key: D Which diagram correctly orders different colors of light according to the value of a property? A. This answer is not correct. The color of light is unrelated to its amplitude. B. This answer is not correct. The color of light is unrelated to its amplitude. C. This answer is not correct. Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light. D. This answer is correct. Red light has a longer wavelength than blue light. Page 7 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 7 Reporting Category: Biological & Physical Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.7.1 Explain that every object has mass and therefore exerts a gravitational force on other objects Answer Key: A A student studies gravity, using objects that have the same mass. Which two objects have the greatest gravitational force acting between them? A. This answer is correct. If all masses are equal, then the force is greatest between the closest objects. B. This answer is not correct. The gravitational force between two objects decreases as their separation increases. C. This answer is not correct. The gravitational force between two objects decreases as their separation increases, and shape effects are very small. D. This answer is not correct. The gravitational force between two objects decreases as their separation increases, and shape effects are very small. Page 8 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 8 Reporting Category: The Solar System & The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.10 Compare the characteristics and movement patterns of the planets in our solar system Answer Key: C The atmospheres of which two planets are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium gases? A. Mars and Mercury This answer is not correct. Mars' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. B. Mars and Saturn This answer is not correct. Mars' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. C. Saturn and Neptune This answer is correct. Saturn and Neptune are both outer planets. Their atmospheres are composed mostly of hydrogen and helium. D. Venus and Neptune This answer is not correct. Venus' atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. Page 9 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 9 Reporting Category: The Solar System & The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.2 Illustrate the rock cycle and explain how igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks are formed Answer Key: B A rock is pushed deep underground in an area where mountain-building is occurring, and undergoes the following processes. • • • First, the rock experiences high pressure that causes its minerals to align themselves in bands. Second, the rock is pushed further underground and completely melts, then erupts from a volcano and hardens. Third, the rock is broken down by wind and water into small particles, which flow into a river and get compressed into rock. Which order correctly shows this progression of rock types? A. This answer is not correct. The first stage is metamorphic and the second stage is igneous. B. This answer is correct. The rock formed from high pressure is metamorphic, the rock formed from the volcano is igneous, and the last process causes it to be sedimentary. C. This answer is not correct. The second stage is igneous and the third stage is sedimentary. D. This answer is not correct. The first stage is metamorphic and the third stage is sedimentary. Page 10 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 10 Reporting Category: The Scientific Process Benchmark: SC.8.1.2 Communicate the significant components of the experimental design and results of a scientific investigation The table shows the data from an investigation on the effect of sunlight on the growth of plant seedlings. A. Identify the dependent variable. B. Explain why Trial 4 is designed incorrectly. Type your answer in the space provided. Answer Key: Correct Dependent Variable: • The dependent variable is height. Correct Explanations Why Trial 4 is Designed Incorrectly: • In Trial 4, the water was changed from previous trials. • The controlled variable was changed in Trial 4. • The water was changed in Trial 4. • The water did not remain the same in Trial 4. Page 11 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key 2 points The answer identifies the dependent variable. The answer correctly explains why trial 4 is designed incorrectly. 1 point The answer identifies the dependent variable. OR The answer correctly explains why trial 4 is designed incorrectly. 0 points The answer does not identify the dependent variable or explain why trial 4 is designed incorrectly. Page 12 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 11 Reporting Category: The Solar System and the Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.3 Describe how the Earth's motions and tilt on its axis affect the seasons and weather patterns Answer Key: B The diagram below shows the tilt of Earth’s axis while Earth is in a certain position in its orbital path around the sun. In this diagram, what season is it in the northern hemisphere? A. Spring This answer is not correct. As the Earth revolves around the sun, Earth’s axis always points toward the North Star. Thus, during revolution the North Pole sometimes points toward or away from the sun. As the Earth travels around the sun and the North Pole is beginning to point toward the sun, the Northern Hemisphere experiences spring. B. Summer This answer is correct. When the North Pole tilts toward the sun, the sun’s rays strike the Northern Hemisphere more directly. When the sun’s rays strike the Northern Hemisphere directly, the region is warmer and thus experiences the summer season. C. Fall This answer is not correct. As the Earth revolves around the sun, Earth’s axis always points toward the North Star. Thus, during revolution the North Pole sometimes points toward or away from the sun. As the Earth travels around the sun and the North Pole is beginning to point away the sun, the Northern Hemisphere experiences fall. D. Winter Page 13 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key This answer is not correct. When the North Pole tilts away from the sun, the sun’s rays strike the Northern Hemisphere less directly. When the sun light is less direct, the region is cooler and thus experiences the winter season. Page 14 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 12 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.5 Explain the concepts of continental drift and plate tectonics Answer Key: B Which of the following best describes Earth’s tectonic plates? A. They move away from each other at the equator. This answer is not correct. Tectonic plate boundaries occur along Earth’s surface, not just at the equator. At divergent plate boundaries, tectonic plates move away from each other. B. They move because of convection currents in the mantle. This answer is correct. Earth’s core and radioactivity within the mantle heat mantle material. The heated material rises through the cooler material above it. This rising of heated material and sinking of cooler material creates convection current within the mantle. This convection current in the mantle moves tectonic plates above it. C. They collide at midocean ridges. This answer is not correct. Midocean ridges are divergent plate boundaries. At divergent plate boundaries tectonic plates move away from each other. D. They form at subduction zones. This answer is not correct. The subduction zone is a region at a plate boundary where one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate. As one tectonic plate moves below the other, the plate is melted and fluid is released into the mantle above. Page 15 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 13 Reporting Category: Biological and Physical Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.5.1 Describe how changes in the physical environment affect the survival of organisms Answer Key: A Humans accidentally introduced a new predator into an ecosystem. It began to act as an invasive species by preying on a native animal. Which graph shows what would have happened to the invasive species in this new ecosystem? A. This answer is correct. The population of the introduced species would start off small and then increase because of the available food source. Page 16 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key B. This answer is not correct. The population of the invasive species would have started out much lower and then increased. C. This answer is not correct. The population of the invasive species would start low and then increase since there was an available food source. Page 17 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key D. This answer is not correct. The population of the invasive species would have started out low and then increased. Page 18 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 14 Reporting Category: Biological and Physical Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.6.2 Explain how seismic waves provide scientists with information about the structure of Earth's interior Answer Key: D A geologist checks her seismometer for activity after an earthquake that occurs on the other side of Earth. The instrument records P-waves, but not S-waves. What statement explains why S-waves are not recorded? A. Seismometers do not record evidence of S-waves. This answer is not correct. Both S-waves and P-waves register on seismometers. B. S-waves travel in a different direction than P-waves. This answer is not correct. Both S-waves and P-waves radiate away from earthquake epicenters. C. The earthquake was not strong enough to produce S-waves. This answer is not correct. All earthquakes produce S-waves. D. The S-waves were stopped by a liquid interior layer. This answer is correct. S-waves do not pass through the liquid outer core near the center of Earth. Page 19 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 15 Reporting Category: The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.9 Explain the predictable motions of the Earth and moon Earth, the sun, and the orbital path of the moon are shown. A. Using the “Connect Line” tool, draw two lines between blue dots that show where Earth’s shadow can cause a total lunar eclipse (an eclipse of the moon). B. Place the moon at a position in its orbit where a total lunar eclipse can be seen from Earth. • • • The lines should begin at the blue dots around the sun and end at the blue dots on the right side of Earth. Only one line should be drawn from a particular point. Not all of the blue dots need to have lines between them. Answer Key: 2 points For this item, a full-credit response correctly: • draws two lines that correctly demonstrate how Earth creates a shadow AND • places the moon at the correct location in its orbit around the Earth. 1 point For this item, a full-credit response correctly: • draws two lines that correctly demonstrate how Earth creates a shadow OR • places the moon at the correct location in its orbit around the Earth. 0 points The response provides an incorrect response for both parts of the item. The response may have drawn more than two lines. The response may have started and ended both lines at incorrect positions. The response may have placed the moon in the incorrect position in its orbit around Earth. The response may have placed more than one moon around the Earth (the response earns credit if only two lines are drawn and one moon is placed in its correct location in its orbit around the Earth). Page 20 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Sample Student Answer: Explanation of Correct Answer: A total lunar eclipse (an eclipse of the moon) occurs during at full moon and when the moon passes through the Earth’s shadow. The two lines indicate the boundaries of the shadow that is created by Earth. When the moon passes into Earth’s shadow a total lunar eclipse occurs. Lunar eclipses do not occur every month because the plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun and the plane of the moon’s orbit around Earth are slightly different. Page 21 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 16 Reporting Category: Science Process Benchmark: SC.8.1.1 Determine the link(s) between evidence and the conclusion(s) of an investigation Answer Key: A A student comparing the effectiveness of two types of fertilizer plants two bean seeds in separate pots of equal size. Equal amounts of each type of fertilizer, X and Y, are added to each pot. The plants are then placed in the sun and watered equal amounts for four weeks. At the end of each week, the student measures the height of each plant and records her data in the table shown. According to the data, what conclusion can be made about the fertilizers? A. Fertilizer X causes plants to grow at a faster rate than Fertilizer Y. This answer is correct. The data show that a plant given fertilizer X will grow faster than one given fertilizer Y. B. Fertilizer X increases the amount of leaves on the plant. This answer is not correct. This is a conclusion that cannot be drawn about how fertilizer X affects leaf production from the data collected. C. Fertilizer Y causes plants to grow more root hairs than Fertilizer X. This answer is not correct. The student did not record any data on the number of root hairs grown by each plant. Therefore, a conclusion cannot be drawn about how the fertilizers affect root hair growth. D. Fertilizer Y increases the amount of carbon dioxide plants can take in. This answer is not correct. The student did not measure how much carbon dioxide was absorbed by either plant. Therefore, a conclusion cannot be drawn about how either fertilizer affects carbon dioxide absorption. Page 22 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 17 Reporting Category: Science Process Benchmark: SC.8.2.1 Describe significant relationships among society, science, and technology and how one impacts the other. Answer Key: C Scientists are able to study all of Earth’s surface using electromagnetic radiation and special cameras on satellites. This is called remote sensing. Before remote sensing provided this data, scientists had to hike, drive, or fly airplanes over hard-to-reach areas. Which is a benefit of using remote sensing instead of older technologies? A. Scientists are able to draw conclusions without having to analyze data. This answer is not correct. Conclusions must be based on the analysis of data. Evidence must support a conclusion even if data was gathered using a new type of technology. B. Scientists are able to predict earthquakes in distant locations. This answer is not correct. Earthquakes cannot be reliably predicted, even with satellites. C. Scientists can analyze more data and spend less time collecting data. This answer is correct. Satellites allow scientists to use the large amounts of data gathered by a satellite without spending a lot of time collecting the data in person. D. Scientists can study layers beneath Earth’s surface more easily. This answer is not correct. The satellites described above gather information about Earth's surface. Page 23 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 18 Reporting Category: Science Process Benchmark: SC.8.2.2 Describe how scale and mathematical models can be used to support and explain scientific data. Answer Key: C For fifty years beginning in 1940, volunteers counted the number of birds in different habitats around Honolulu for one day each year. The graph shows the data for the annual bird count during this time. Which statement best describes the trend in the data from 1940 to 1990? A. The number of birds seen increased exponentially, doubling about each decade. This answer is not correct. If the number of birds seen increased exponentially by doubling each decade, the trend line would show about 50 birds in 1950, 100 birds in 1960, 200 birds in 1970, etc. B. The number of birds seen increased exponentially, doubling about every 20 years. This answer is not correct. If the number of birds seen increased exponentially by doubling every 20 years, the trend line would show about 50 birds in 1960, 100 in 1980, etc. C. The number of birds seen increased steadily at a rate of about 30 birds per decade. This answer is correct. The trend line through the average of the points on the graph shows a steady growth rate of about 30 birds per decade. Page 24 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key D. The number of birds seen increased steadily at a rate of about 50 birds per decade. This answer is not correct. If the number of birds increased at a steady growth rate of 50 birds per decade, the trend line would show 50 birds in 1950, 100 birds in 1960, 150 birds in 1970, etc. Page 25 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 19 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.4 Explain how the sun is the major source of energy influencing climate and weather on Earth. Answer Key: B The diagram shows a sea breeze. A sea breeze blows from the sea toward the land. What is the role of the sun in creating a sea breeze? A. The sun warms the land, creating a condition of higher air pressure that pulls in the cooler sea air. This answer is not correct. When the air above the land is warmed, its density decreases. Therefore, its air pressure becomes lower, not higher. B. The sun warms the land faster than the sea, causing the air above the land to expand and rise. This answer is correct. Because the land surface warms faster than the ocean surface, the air above the land becomes warmer and less dense, and it rises. This creates an area of low pressure that draws the cooler sea air inland. C. The sun warms the sea, creating waves that move the air above the sea surface toward the land. This answer is not correct. While solar energy is indirectly involved in the formation of the ocean’s surface waves, these waves are caused by the wind, not the other way around. D. The sun warms the sea faster than the land, causing the air above the sea to expand and spread out. This answer is not correct. While it is true that heated air will expand, solar energy warms the land surface faster than the ocean surface. Page 26 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 20 Reporting Category: The Solar System and The Universe Benchmark: SC.8.8.6 Explain the relationship between density and convection currents in the ocean and atmosphere. Answer Key: D The list shows the procedure that a student used to perform an experiment. • • • • Fill a large container with ice water. Fill a small, open jar with warm water and add two drops of blue food coloring. Lower the small jar to the bottom of the large container of ice water. Observe and document what happens. What phenomenon was this student investigating? A. Changes in water temperature This answer is not correct. The procedure did not include the use of a thermometer to measure water temperatures. B. Changes in water pressure This answer is not correct. The procedure did not include the use of a water pressure gauge to measure water pressure. C. Conduction between the two jars This answer is not correct. While conduction occurs between the warm and cold water, and between the two jars where they touch, the procedure does not include instruction on how to measure conduction. D. Convection currents in the water This answer is correct. Introducing the dyed, warm water into the cold water provides the conditions necessary for convection to occur: two masses of water with different densities due to their different temperatures. Page 27 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 21 Reporting Category: Life and Environmental Sciences Benchmark: SC.8.5.1: Describe how changes in the physical environment affect the survival of organisms Answer Key: C Answer Key (Part II): A; D; E Part A The Hawaiian stilt was once a common bird on all the major islands in Hawai‘i. Today, the bird is on the endangered species list. Some information about the Hawaiian stilt is shown in the table. Information About the Hawaiian Stilt Predators of the Organisms Consumed by the Hawaiian Stilt Habitat and Behavior of the Hawaiian Stilt Hawaiian Stilt • Non-native species such as dogs, cats, and mongooses • • • Worms Crabs Small fishes A. Aquatic habitats with low levels of water (about 13 cm) Which graph represents the results of successful intervention to preserve the Hawaiian stilt population? A. This answer is not correct. Successful human intervention will cause an increase in the population of the bird, not an increase and then a decrease. Page 28 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key B. This answer is not correct. Successful human intervention will cause an increase in the population of the bird, not minor increases and decreases. C. This answer is correct. Successful human intervention will cause an increase in the population of the bird. D. This answer is not correct. Successful human intervention will cause an increase in the population of the bird, not a decrease. Page 29 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Part B Select the intervention(s) that could result in the trend of the graph you chose in Part A. A. Habitat restoration This answer is correct. This is a conservation effort to protect the species to help their population increase. B. Introduction of invasive species This answer is not correct. This is not a conservation effort and will harm the species, causing a decrease in the population due to competition and predation. C. Land use development This answer is not correct. This is not a conservation effort and will harm the habitats of the species, causing a decrease in the population. D. Pollution control This answer is correct. This is a conservation effort to protect the species to help their population increase. E. Wetland conservation This answer is correct. This is a conservation effort to protect the species to help their population increase. Page 30 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 22 Reporting Category: Earth and Space Science Benchmark: SC.8.8.8: Describe the composition of objects in the galaxy A student is writing a report that describes the composition of objects in space. The passage contains three highlighted words that may be incorrect. Click on each highlighted word to select the correct word. For this item, a full-credit response includes • “Comets” selected in first choice (1 point) AND • “Stars” selected in second choice (1 point) AND • “star” selected in fourth choice (1 point) Page 31 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 23 Reporting Category: Physical Science Benchmark: SC.8.8.8: Describe the composition of objects in the galaxy Select the frequency and wavelength of each color of light. Row Column 1 a 2 c 3 b 4 b 5 c 6 a Page 32 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 24 Reporting Category: Earth and Space Science Benchmark: SC.8.8.6: Explain the relationship between density and convection currents in the ocean and atmosphere Students create the classroom model shown in the diagram. A cup of dyed ice water is attached to the inside of a tank filled with water at 30° C. The ice water flows into the tank through a small hole in the bottom of the cup, as shown. Select the two large systems the students can investigate using this model. A. Density Currents This answer is correct. The investigation allows students to model density currents as colder, denser water sinks, warms, and then rises as less dense water. B. Global wind current patterns This answer is correct. Because air with different densities and temperatures produces convection currents in the atmosphere, the model can be used to investigate global wind current patterns. Page 33 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key C. Ocean water biomes This answer is not correct. The investigation models convection currents produced by differing densities of water, not ecosystems within the ocean. D. Temperature profile of ocean water This answer is not correct. While the investigation deals with different temperatures. it does not deal with the temperature striations in ocean water. E. Upwelling of water currents This answer is not correct. The investigation models convection currents produced by differing densities of water, not the replacement of surface water pushed away by wind with water from beneath the surface. Page 34 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 25 Reporting Category: Physical Science Benchmark: SC.8.6.1: Explain the relationship between the color of light and wavelength within the electromagnetic spectrum A table lists different colors of light. Complete the table by ranking these different colors of light by wavelength, from longest wavelength (1) to shortest (6). Exemplar: 5 Blue 4 Green 2 Orange 1 Red 6 Violet 3 Yellow Page 35 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 26 Reporting Category: Physical Science Benchmark: SC.8.6.2: Explain how seismic waves provide scientists with information about the structure of Earth's interior An article describing what people learn from Earthquake waves is shown. Select the sentence that describes how refraction works. Learning about Earth’s interior from Earthquakes Earthquake p-waves and s-waves travel through Earth. All over the planet, scientists record and measure earthquake waves with seismographs when they arrive. Scientists have noticed that pwaves go through the center of Earth at a faster speed than they do in surface rock. From that, scientists infer that the middle of the Earth is denser than the surface. Also, p-waves and s-waves seem to change direction slightly at certain depths within Earth. When a wave goes from one density of material to another, it can bend. Scientists infer from this that the places where the waves changed direction are the boundaries between different Earth layers. Exemplar: • Students select “When a wave goes from one density of material to another, it can bend.” and only that sentence. Page 36 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key Question 27 Reporting Category: Earth and Space Science Benchmark: SC.8.8.9 Explain the predictable motions of the Earth and moon Students in Hawaii are tracking the daily location of the sun and moon twice a week to determine patterns in their movement and appearance. Design and conduct an investigation using the students’ observations. Select the two statements about the expected observations on Monday of Week 5 that are supported by the simulation results. A. Sunrise will occur at 5:00 a.m. Page 37 of 38 Grade 8 Science Training Test Answer Key This answer is not correct. The sunrise pattern shows that the sun rises later each day, so one would not expect the sun to rise earlier than any sunrise given in the simulation. B. The lunar phase will be the New Moon. This answer is correct. The moon will begin its lunar cycle again during Week 5, starting with the New Moon also seen in Week 1. C. The sun and moon will rise around 6:05 a.m. This answer is correct. The moon and sun rise around the same time during Week 5, repeating the beginning of the cycle that began in Week 1. D. Sunset will occur at the same time as the moon rises. This answer is not correct. The sunset occurred at the same time that the moon rose during Week 3, when the lunar phase was the Full Moon. In the lunar cycle shown in the simulation, this phenomenon will be seen again during Week 7, not during Week 5. E. The Full Moon will rise at 12:30 p.m. and set at 12:30 a.m. This answer is not correct. The moon rise and set times are incorrect. The Full Moon rises around sunset, roughly 6:00 p.m., and sets at sunrise, roughly 6:00 a.m. Additionally, Week 5 will see a New Moon, not a Full Moon. F. The moon will be below the horizon during daylight hours. This answer is not correct. During Week 1, the moon was above the horizon during daylight hours. This phenomenon repeats during Week 5, so the moon is above, not below the horizon during the day. Page 38 of 38