Download 10AP - Midterm Exam Review Sheet

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EXAM REVIEW Midterm Exam AP WORLD HISTORY CHAPTER 23
EXPLORERS OF THE AGE Bartolomeu Dias: Vasco da Gama: Prince Henry “the Navigator”: Vasco Nunez de Balboa: Ferdinand Magellan: James Cook: Christopher Columbus: 2. What was the “Volta do Mar”? 3. Identify the impact of the astrolabe on overseas exploration. 1.
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What was the significance of reaching the Cape of Good Hope? What was the motivation behind the Reconquista? Address the impact of lateen sails on exploration. What were the motivations for finding an alternate maritime trade route? Identify the overall results of overseas exploration. Who was the most prosperous European country of the period? Identify the key Portuguese trading port cities. EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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exploration? How was their approach to exploration different from that of the British East India Company? Define hegemony. HEGEMONY: Which nation emerged from the Seven Year’s War (1756‐1763) as the country that achieved global hegemony? Identify the Columbian Exchange. COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE: What is a joint‐stock company? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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Known for… Motivations for cause… What was an indulgence? INDULGENCE: What factor probably contributed most to the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Europe? Define the role of the Roman Catholic Church in Europe. John Calvin What was his contribution to the Protestant Reformation? Define his model Protestant community. EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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21. Who was St. Ignatius Loyola? 22.
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ST. IGNATIUS LOYOLA: Identify the impact of the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588. What was the Thirty Years’ War fought for? Who was Charles V? CHARLES V: SPANISH INQUISITION Who established it? What was its purpose? What was the Glorious Revolution and why was it initiated? GLORIOUS REVOLUTION: EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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27. Define absolutism. ABSOLUTISM: 28. Identify some key elements of the reign of Louis XIV in France and what defined his character. 29. Who was Cardinal Richelieu? CARDINAL RICHELIEU: th
30. What defined Peter the Great’s program to “westernize” Russia in the 17 century? 31. Who was Adam Smith? What was his great contribution to economic theory and how did it work in his view? 32. What was the common belief shared by most thinkers during the Enlightenment? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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33. Identify the contributions of the following thinkers during the Enlightenment. JOHN LOCKE: THOMAS HOBBES: BARON DE MONTESQUIEU: VOLTAIRE: ADAM SMITH: MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT: CHAPTER 25
34. Define the social classes of Spanish‐controlled lands in the New World: PENINSULARES: CRIOLLOS (CREOLES): MESTIZOS: MULATTOS: ZAMBOS: EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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Who were the Spanish conquistadores known for defeating the following native peoples? AZTEC: INCA: 35. Identify two centers of Spanish royal authority in the Americas. 36. TREATY OF TORDESILLAS Agreement between… Year agreed to… Terms of agreement: 37. Identify the Portuguese mariner who “discovered” Brazil. 38. What made Brazil attractive to the Portuguese? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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39. What was the greatest attraction to the Americas for the Spanish? 40.
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Define hacienda. HACIENDA: How did the Portuguese and the Spanish approach management of their sugar plantations differently? In what commodity were the French and English mainly interested in the New World? What was the first great American cash crop? 44. Why were the British primarily interested in Australia? 45. What area that lay between Acapulco and Manila were the Spanish interested in gaining control over? 46. Who was Bartolome de Las Casas? BARTOLOME DE LAS CASAS: EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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47. Why were the French interested in establishing colonies in the Caribbean Sea? 48. Describe how the mita system worked. MITA SYSTEM: How did this system compare with the encomienda system? 49. Who was best known for utilizing a “divide and conquer” method in their military conquests in the New World? CHAPTER 26
50. How did the increase in maritime (sea‐based) trade impact the imperial states of West Africa? 51. SONGHAY (SONGHAI) EMPIRE Who was its most influential ruler? What was its most important city? What was the major religion practiced there? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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52. What role did Vasco da Gama play in the transformation of the African city‐states? 53.
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ISLAM IN SUB‐SAHARAN AFRICA Cultural center/center for learning located at… Where was it most popular? What led to Islam’s spread within the region? How did Islam benefit any of the city‐states in sub‐Saharan Africa? (ex: Mali, Songhai) Who were the Fulani and how did they impact sub‐Saharan Africa? What did it mean to be Swahili? What typified Swahili culture? Describe what a syncretic form of religion/belief system is and what impacts its creation. EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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57. What group served as the source of slave populations coming from Africa? 58.
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TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE Who began the slave trade? Who was the first nation to end the slave trade? Who was the last country to eliminate it? When did the slave trade have its greatest impact? Did the slave trade disappear? How many Africans were forcefully brought to the New World? What was the Middle Passage? Define triangular trade. TRIANGULAR TRADE: Where did the majority of people who came to the New World emigrate from? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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62. What belief system was most practiced in African societies prior to the arrival of the Europeans and conversion to Christianity? 63. REVIEW TOPICS FROM LAST YEAR Bantu Migration: Mansa Musa: Ibn Battuta: CHAPTER 27
64. CONFUCIUS Five Key Relationships: Confucian philosophy is one based on… What was necessary for a harmonious society? Who did he believe were the most honorable members of society? 65. MING DYNASTY What led to their emergence? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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What was the role of the scholar‐gentry/scholar‐bureaucrat? Who did the Ming Dynasty replace? How did they attempt to strengthen China internally? Define the Mandate of Heaven. MANDATE OF HEAVEN: Therefore, who was the “Son of Heaven?” How was the Japanese feudal system similar to feudalism within Western Europe? How was an emperor in Japan similar in role to that of a pope in Europe? How did Zheng He increase the economic value of China during the 15th century? After conquering China, what actions did the Manchu Dynasty perform to increase control over the region? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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70. How did the Qing Dynasty differ in their approach to ruling philosophy and techniques as 71.
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opposed to the Ming? How did the practice of footbinding illustrate the treatment of women in China? How did the Qing Dynasty view the role of trade in China? What factors led to the Qing and Ming falling behind technologically? Who was Ieyasu? How did he help to unify Japan during his rule during the Tokugawa Shogunate? Define the social classes present in feudal Japan. What were the results of the peace that emerged during the Tokugawa Shogunate? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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77. What was the common origin of the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires that emerged by the 78.
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15th century? Who were the Janissaries? JANISSARIES: Why was Akbar the Great an important factor in the success of the Mughal Empire? How did Aurangzeb reverse many of the positive effects of the leadership of Akbar in Mughal India? As a result of Akbar’s rule in India, which city became the center of Christian faith? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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82. Identify dhimmi. 83.
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DHIMMI: What was the jizya? How did it attempt to encourage conversion and adherence to Islam in the Islamic world? Who eventually would eliminate this practice? JIZYA: Identify the key factors in the decline of the Islamic empires. Identify the key architectural achievement of the Mughal Empire. How did the arrival of Islam in India challenge existing social attitudes already present? How successful were Islamic followers in creating a global Islamic civilization? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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88. Compare the trends of technological and scientific discovery in Europe and the Islamic world between the 16th and 18th centuries. 89. How did the failed siege of Vienna by the Ottomans impact the future of the empire? CHAPTER 29
90. ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS Æ See question 33! th
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91. What did the revolutions of the late 18 and early 19 centuries promote? 92. EVIDENCE OF THE IMPACT OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT American Revolutionary War: French Revolution: Saint Domingue (Haiti): EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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Latin America (Central and South America): 93. FRENCH REVOLUTION What was l’Ancien Regime (the Ancient Regime) in France? Define the guiding principles of the French Revolution. National Assembly: Maximilien Robespierre: Events leading to the emergence of Napoleon Bonaparte: Code Napoleon (Napoleon’s Civil Code): 94. What was considered the turning point of Napoleon’s career as leader of France? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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95. ENLIGHTENMENT INSPIRED REVOLTS – SAINT DOMINGUE & LATIN AMERICA SAINT DOMINGUE (HAITI) Æ Inspirational leader: Identify cause(s) of rebellion: LATIN AMERICA Æ Inspirational leader(s): *** Link leaders to their respective countries! Identify cause(s) of rebellion: Why did the creoles approach liberation differently than the Haitian slaves? 96. GERMAN UNIFICATION Otto von Bismarck: “Blood and “Iron”: Realpolitik: EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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97. ITALIAN UNIFICATION Giuseppe Mazzini: Camilo di Cavour: Giuseppe Garibaldi: CHAPTER 30
98. Define Industrial Revolution. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION: Where did it begin? Why there? What were the key natural resources that fueled its growth? 99. What improvements were made in transportation? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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100.Assess the impact of the railroad upon industrialization and urbanization. 101.What factors led to increased urbanization during the Industrial Revolution? 102.Describe the typical working conditions of the average factory worker. 103.What were the problems associated with child labor? 104.What are the goals of labor unions? 105.How did the burgeoning middle class benefit from industrialization? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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106.What is a Luddite? LUDDITE: 107.Who wrote The Communist Manifesto? 108.What are the major tenets (ideas) that serve as the foundations of Marxism as evidenced by these phrases from The Communist Manifesto? “HISTORY OF CLASS STRUGGLE”: “OPIATE OF THE MASSES”: “WORKERS OF THE WORLD… UNITE!”: 109.Identify the key social classes defined by Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto: BOURGEOISIE/CAPITALISTS: PROLETARIAT: 110.How did Otto von Bismarck forward the ideals of the Industrial Revolution in Germany? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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111.By the end of the 19 century, which country produced half of the world’s oil? 112.By the end of the 1800s, which nations were the world’s leading steel producers? 113.Who were the zaibatsu in Japan? Who supported their rapid development? ZAIBATSU: 114.What was one similarity that existed between Japan and Russia with respect to industrialization? CHAPTER 32
115.What was the Ottoman Empire’s most significant territorial loss? 116.What reforms were proposed during the Tanzimat Era? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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117.Who were the Young Turks? YOUNG TURKS: What principles did they promote? 118.Who was Kemal Ataturk? KEMAL ATATURK: 119.What did Russia’s defeat in the Crimean War lead Tsar Alexander II to call for in an effort to prevent future defeat? 120.Why did the emancipation of Russian serfs have little impact on the lives of the peasants? 121.How did Nicholas II differ in his approach to rule? 122.Why was Russia’s defeat in the Russo‐Japanese War (1905) a significant world event? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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123.What were the Opium Wars and how did they motivate China to seek change in the late‐19 century? 124.What were the terms of the Treaty of Nanking (Nanjing)? TREATY OF NANKING: 125.What are spheres of influence? SPHERES OF INFLUENCE: 126.Define the nature of the Self‐Strengthening Movement of 1868. 127.What was the Open Door Policy, and how did it increase America’s role in the carving up of China? 128.Who was Commodore Matthew Perry and how did he impact Japanese cultural identity? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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129.How did the Tokugawa Shogunate respond to the efforts of Commodore Perry and attempts at foreign involvement in Japan? 130.What was the focus of the Meiji Restoration? MEIJI RESTORATION: 131.Why were the Japanese motivated to copy Western European and American technology and culture, unlike their Chinese brethren? 132.How did the Russo‐Japanese War (1905) catapult Japan into the modern world? EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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NAME
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EXAM REVIEW Midterm Exam ESSAY PREP AP WORLD HISTORY As you prepare for your midterm, consider that you should spend 5 minutes organizing
or outlining your essay. You will be directed to write an essay that:
¾ Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with appropriate historical
evidence.
¾ Addresses all parts of the question.
¾ Makes direct, relevant comparisons.
¾ Analyzes relevant reasons for similarities and differences.
YOU WILL WRITE AN ESSAY RESPONDING TO ONE OF THE FOLLOWING FOUR QUESTIONS ON YOUR MIDTERM: 1. Compare and contrast the European experience of industrialization with that of Japan between 1750 and 1900. 2. Analyze and compare the differing responses of China and Japan to Western penetration in the nineteenth century. 3. Compare and contrast the relations that TWO of the following had with the Western powers between 1750 and 1900: ¾ China ¾ Southeast Asia ¾ Latin America ¾ Sub‐Saharan Africa 4. Compare and contrast the characteristics of TWO of the following labor systems: ¾ The encomienda system ¾ Russian serfdom ¾ Proto‐industrialization in Europe ¾ The Atlantic Slave Trade EXAM REVIEW MIDTERM EXAMINATION
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