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Step Five B2.2 KEY TO THE EXERCISES William Shakespeare The Taming of the Shrew KEY TO THE ACTIVITIES The Life of William Shakespeare Page 7 – exercise 1 a. Stratford-upon-Avon. b. 18. c. He was a glove maker. d. the Globe Theatre. e. 23rd April, 1616. PART ONE Understanding the plot Page 20 – exercise 1 a. Because she has thrown him out of the tavern. b. Because he has broken some glasses and refuses to pay for them. c. She can tell by his clothes, and the way that he speaks and behaves. d. She threatens to call a constable. e. He challenges her to call the constable, saying that he does not care what she does. Then he rolls over and goes to sleep. f. He decides to make Christopher Sly believe that he is really a great lord who has been ill for a long time. g. He tells them that his guest has never seen a play before, and that his behaviour is eccentric. h. Christopher Sly is the ‘important lord’. i. He asks for some beer. j. What they How he reacts offer him Wine Says that he has never drunk wine before Something delicate to eat Says that the only delicacy he eats is beef Choice of clothing Says that he only has one suit of clothes AND EXIT TEST k. The lord says that the cause of his madness was too much drink. l. They are: music, a beautiful estate, horses, hounds, pictures and a beautiful wife. m. Fifteen years. n. She says that the doctors fear a return of his madness if he becomes excited. o. He agrees to watch a play. The characters Page 21 – exercise 2 a. Christopher Sly is a habitual drunkard and a simple man. b. The lord is fond of sport and pleasure. Page 21 – exercise 3 He refuses to pay for the glasses he has broken, and he later admits that he has a debt for beer at the Wincot tavern. Page 21 – exercise 4 He tells the servant who disagrees with him about the performance of the dogs that he is a fool. His trick on Sly is also quite cruel. Focus on language Page 22 – exercise 5 a. Obligation b. Arrangement c. Obligation d. Arrangement e. Arrangement Page 22 – exercise 6 a. was to b. are not to d. is not to e. are to c. are to c. He has decided that no one can marry his younger daughter until his older daughter has a husband. d. Gremio and Hortensio both want to marry Bianca. e. Tranio thinks that Katharine is either mad or not afraid of anyone. f. He falls in love with her. g. They agree to work together to find a husband for Katharine. h. Lucentio wants to work in Bianca’s house as a tutor, and Tranio is going to pretend to be Lucentio. i. He says that he is in disguise because he killed a man during a quarrel. j. He fell asleep during the first part of the play. He wants the play to finish so that he can go to bed with his ‘wife’. Page 22 – exercise 7 trick: action designed to deceive someone joke: remark or story designed to amuse someone hoax: action designed to deceive someone for the sake of amusement riddle: confusing statement, question or description, designed to test someone’s ingenuity puzzle: question or toy designed to test someone’s ingenuity pun: statement with words that have two meanings, or words with the same sound, designed to amuse someone Listening Page 23 – exercise 8 Tapescript LORD: Then take him up, and manage well the jest: Carry him gently to my fairest chamber, And hang it round with all my wanton pictures: Balm his foul head in warm distilled waters; And burn sweet wood to make the lodging sweet: Procure me music ready when he wakes, To make a dulcet and a heavenly sound; And if he chance to speak, be ready straight And with a low submissive reverence Say ‘What is it your honour will command?’ The characters Page 34 – exercise 2 a. Katharine is rude, aggressive and unfriendly. b. Tranio is young, fun-loving and loyal. c. Lucentio is romantic, daring and hopeful. Page 35 – exercise 3 They think his plan is unfair, and they ask him to change his mind. Focus on language Page 36 – exercise 4 a. go to work b. visited Italy last year c. am studying very hard d. he would be on holiday e. he had been working f. don’t agree g. am in love Page 23 – exercise 9 Open answer. Listening Page 36 – exercise 5 PART TWO Tapescript Understanding the plot Page 34 – exercise 1 a. He has been sent by his father to study philosophy at the university there. b. i. It is Baptista’s house. ii. Five people come out of the house. BIONDELLO: Tell me what’s really going on, Tranio – you don’t think I believe that story of the quarrel, do you? TRANIO: What do you mean? BIONDELLO: I know you two. You’re up to something, and I want to know what it is. You’re playing a game of some 2 KEY TO THE EXERCISES – kind, I’m sure of it. I’ve got a right to know, Tranio. So come on, tell me the truth. TRANIO: All right, I’ll tell you. Lucentio’s in love. All this is a plan to get him into the house of the girl he loves. He’s going to pretend to be her tutor. That’s why we swapped clothes. BIONDELLO: But why doesn’t he call on the father, explain that he’s in love. Lucentio’s a rich young man, and he comes from a good family. Surely the father would be happy to let him see the girl? TRANIO: It’s more complicated than that, Biondello. I’ll explain everything to you. It’s like this, you see. We arrived here in Padua, and then … KEY The action of the play moves towards the establishment of harmony. PART THREE Understanding the plot Page 45 – exercise 1 a. He has come in search of adventure, and possibly to find a wife. b. Petruchio’s servant is called Grumio. c. He visits Hortensio. d. Petruchio gives Hortensio the news of his father’s death and the fact that he has inherited all his land and money. e. Petruchio does not mind what kind of woman he marries, as long as she is rich. f. If Petruchio succeeds in marrying Katharine, Hortensio will be able to see Bianca. g. Hortensio and Gremio agree to pay Petruchio’s expenses because they want him to marry Katharine, and thus free Bianca to see visitors. a. He wants to know why Lucentio and Tranio have swapped clothes. b. Tranio tells him the truth, that Lucentio is in love and wants to find a job as a tutor in Bianca’s house. c. He cannot understand why Lucentio does not call on the house in the ordinary way. He is sure that the family would accept him as a suitor. Page 45 – exercise 2 Page 36 – exercise 6 Open answer. Real identity Shakespeare and English Comedy Page 39 – exercise 1 a. False – Comedy included any play with a happy ending. b. True c. True d. True e. False – The earliest English comedy was Ralph Roister Doister. Assumed identity Hortensio Rich young man Music tutor Lucentio Rich young man Tutor Tranio Lucentio’s servant Lucentio The characters Page 45 – exercise 3 b. practical, avaricious and unromantic Page 46 – exercise 4 a. will b. inherit c. bequeathed / land d. sole / left Page 39 – exercise 2 – The Christopher Sly and Katharine plots are set in motion by the desire to ‘teach good behaviour’. – There is an element of ‘salvation’ as Katharine achieves a more wholesome understanding of love and marriage. Focus on language Page 46 – exercise 5 a. long, old, tarmac b. delicious, clear c. big, glass d. beautiful, huge, golden 3 TO THE e. round, yellow, fire f. tall, young, African Focus on language Page 57 – exercise 3 a. The man asked me where Piccadilly Circus was. b. The secretary asked me when I was going on holiday. c. The waiter came to our table with the menu, and asked if we wanted to see the wine list. d. The headmaster was very angry when he heard the noise in the classroom, and asked them if they all wanted to be punished. e. He asked his mother if they were going to Paris that year. Page 47 – exercise 6 a. a rare, French b. a mysterious, old, stone c. beautiful, young, foreign d. precious, golden e. a strong, white, Arabian Writing Page 47 – exercise 7 Open answer. Page 48 – exercise 8 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. C EXERCISES 5. C Writing Page 58 – exercise 4 Open answer. PART FOUR Discussion point Page 58 – exercises 5-6 Open answers. Understanding the plot Page 56 – exercise 1 a. Katharine is angry because so many men want to marry Bianca. b. iv. Katharine beats her sister with a whip. v. Katharine tells her father that he does not care what happens to her. ii. Petruchio tells Baptista that he comes from Verona. iii. Petruchio introduces Hortensio as a music tutor. i. Gremio introduces Lucentio as a tutor. c. Tranio is impersonating Lucentio, and is wearing the latter’s clothes. d. He brings a parcel of books and a lute. e. He says that he will be ‘like the wind that blows out a little fire’. f. She hits him over the head with a lute. g. He decides to pretend that she means the opposite of whatever she says or does. PART FIVE Understanding the plot Page 66 – exercise 1 a. Petruchio mentions her politeness and beauty. b. A real gentleman would not threaten to hit her as Petruchio does. c. He tells him that he and his daughter are in love with each other. d. He says that they have agreed she can go on behaving badly when other people are present. e. First offer Gremio His house and farm when he dies Tranio The characters Page 56 – exercise 2 She is jealous of her sister’s popularity with men. f. 4 Second offer A fleet of ships as well as his house and land Three or four Three fleets of houses and an ships, and other income of 2,000 vessels ducats from land Baptista wants to be certain that Bianca will receive what has been promised her if Tranio dies before KEY TO THE EXERCISES his father does. g. He knows that he cannot make Lucentio’s father provide the guarantee that Baptista wants. He therefore decides to find someone who will pretend to be his father, and make a false guarantee. behaviour, Am bold to show myself a forward guest Within your house, to make mine eye the witness Of that report which I so oft have heard. The characters Page 66 – exercise 2 c. He is alternately complimentary and ironical. a. b. c. d. Page 67 – exercise 3 c. They are uncivilised and rude to each other. Petruchio is the speaker. He is speaking to Baptista. He is speaking about Katharine. He is explaining that he has heard so many good things about Katharine that he wanted to come and see for himself. Writing Page 69 – exercise 7 1. exciting 2. happen 3. marry 4. against 5. old 6. prefer 7. strange 8. house 9. noisy 10. mood 11. whip 12. temper Focus on language Page 68 – exercise 4 a. We wish we’d noticed the cat was ill. –4 b. I wish it were Friday. – 2 c. I’m trying to concentrate – I wish you’d be quiet for a moment. – 1 d. She wishes she hadn’t spent so much money in London. – 4 e. I wish I could go on holiday. – 1 f. They wish the telephone would stop ringing. – 1 g. He wishes you wouldn’t park your car in front of his house. – 1 PART SIX Understanding the plot Page 79 – exercise 1 a. They are both in love with Bianca and are jealous of each other. b. He is supposed to be teaching her Latin. c. He sees them sitting close to each other, and very involved in their conversation. d. He tells her that he loves her. e. She pretends that his note is a music exercise – she says that she prefers the traditional kind of music exercises. f. Petruchio is late for the wedding. g. He is wearing old, dirty clothes. h. Baptista has asked Tranio to provide his father’s guarantee for the promises he has made about what he will offer Bianca. i. He hits the priest, kisses Katharine passionately, and calls for wine. j. He refuses to stay for the wedding feast. Page 68 – exercise 5 a. earned – 2 b. hadn’t sold – 4 c. would rain – 1 d. had seen – 4 e. were – 3 f. would marry – 1 g. would stop – 1 h. could – 2 Listening Page 68 – exercise 6 Tapescript PETRUCHIO: I am a gentleman of Verona, sir, That, hearing of her beauty and her wit, Her affability and bashful modesty, Her wondrous qualities, and mild 5 KEY TO THE EXERCISES Focus on language Page 80 – exercise 2 a. had fled b. had sold c. had not been d. had been walking e. sent / had been burgling f. published / am / didn’t do g. had committed c. He thinks the film is ‘brilliant’. d. His favourite part of the play is Petruchio’s arrival at the wedding in old clothes. Listening Page 80 – exercise 3 PART SEVEN Writing Page 80 – exercise 4 Open answer. Understanding the plot Page 88 – exercise 1 a. iv. Katharine falls off her horse. i. A servant brings hot water into the room. v. Petruchio deliberately spills the water. ii. Petruchio throws the food onto the ground. iii. Petruchio prevents Katharine from sleeping. b. Because she was beginning to show a new gentleness. c. To prevent her from eating. d. He is offended that she should fall in love with a mere tutor. e. Tapescript SPEAKER ONE: We’re studying The Taming of the Shrew at school. SPEAKER TWO: Do you like it? SPEAKER ONE: Well, it’s about marriage. It’s set in Italy, and the plot is a bit ridiculous. People put on disguises, and trick each other. And there’s this character Petruchio … I suppose he’s quite clever, and everything, but basically the play seems like an attack on women to me. SPEAKER TWO: I remember now! That’s the play where he treats the girl badly, to teach her good manners. I’ve seen the film. I think it’s brilliant! It’s really funny. I like the part where he arrives for the wedding in horrible old clothes. SPEAKER ONE: Yes, but you see, it just seems to me that the play puts women down a lot. I mean, it’s all right for Petruchio to marry for money, no one criticises him for that. But Katharine is a woman, so she has to be punished for being outspoken and aggressive. SPEAKER TWO: I see what you mean. Maybe you’ve got a point. But aren’t you being a bit serious about it? It is a comedy, after all! SPEAKER ONE: Perhaps you’re right. Maybe I am. What Hortensio believes What Tranio knows About Tranio that he is Lucentio that he is Tranio About Bianca that she is in love with a social inferior that she is in love with Lucentio About that he is a tutor that he is really Cambio Lucentio About that he is not himself a tutor f. that he is not Lucentio He is outraged that she should be having a love affair with a tutor. g. Tranio has never wanted to marry Bianca. He is merely trying to ensure that she marries Lucentio. h. Hortensio decides to marry a rich widow. i. He tells the old man that anyone from Mantua is in danger of death if they are discovered in Padua. a. The girl thinks the plot of the play is ‘ridiculous’. b. She sees it as an attack on women. 6 KEY TO THE Focus on language Page 89 – exercise 3 a. cruelly b. hungry c. loudly d. horrible e. quietly f. dreadfully g. terribly h. ill i. badly PART EIGHT Understanding the plot Page 101 – exercise 1 a. She has not eaten or slept since she came to Petruchio’s house. b. He takes it away because Katharine has not thanked him for it, and he puts it back when she does thank him. c. He suggests that they go to Padua to visit her father. d. He throws it on the floor. e. He pretends that she is angry with the tailor for the poor work he has done. f. Katharine will not agree with him when he says it is seven o’clock. She insists on correcting his mistake, and this annoys him. g. They want the merchant to impersonate Lucentio’s father, and to sign the guarantees that Baptista has insisted upon. h. He advises Lucentio to marry Bianca while her father is with Tranio and the merchant. Vocabulary Page 90 – exercise 4 deliberately – accidentally frowned – smiled rose – fell burnt – uncooked whispered – shouted desperate – confident Page 90 – exercise 5 a. widow b. to tame d. tutor e. merchant c. to chuckle Discussion point Page 90 – exercise 6 Open answer. Shakespeare and Italian Comedy Page 94 – exercise 1 a. False – Two of Shakespeare’s plays have Italian towns in the title. b. True c. False – Suppositi was translated into English in 1566. d. False – Gascoigne’s version of Ariosto’s play was performed before an audience of lawyers. e. False – Ariosto’s play contains 24 ‘supposes’. Lucentio Dulipo Tranio Polynesta Bianca Cleander Gremio Phylogano Vincentio Damon Baptista KEY TO THE 7 EXERCISES Page 102 – exercise 3 a. which – D b. who – D c. who – N d. who – N PART NINE Writing Page 102 – exercise 4 a. What he thinks is happening: He is in danger because he comes from Mantua. Lucentio has asked him to impersonate his father. Lucentio’s father knows about the marriage arrangements between his son and Bianca. b. What is really happening: The danger because he comes from Mantua is an invention of Tranio’s. It is actually Tranio who has asked him to impersonate his father – the merchant thinks that Tranio is Lucentio. Lucentio’s father knows nothing about his son’s love affair with Bianca. Page 112 – exercise 2 Open answer. Exit test Page 111 – exercise 1 1. A 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C Further discussion questions Page 112 – exercises 6-7 Open answer. Focus on language Page 102 – exercise 2 a. The house which we stayed in was very beautiful. – D b. The house, which was very beautiful, was owned by his sister. – N c. The people who had bought tickets for the concert were disappointed when it was cancelled. – D d. The people, who had voted for him for many years, were very sad when he died. – N e. The footballer who had scored the most goals was given a special prize. –D f. The footballer, who had scored many goals, was given a special prize. – N g. The train which we took was late. – D h. The train, which had a reputation for punctuality, arrived one hour late. – N Page 94 – exercise 2 Erostrato EXERCISES 8 6. C EXIT TEST Focus on the context a. Where and when was William Shakespeare born? b. What was his wife’s name? c. What did Shakespeare do when he went to London? d. Which theatrical company did Shakespeare became a member of? e. How many plays did he write? f. What type of play is The Taming of the Shrew? g. Where is the play mainly set? /7 Focus on the story FCE 1 Read the summary of The Taming of the Shrew and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Example: (0) TEST Lucentio fell in love with Bianca. He and Tranio decided to exchange clothes so that Lucentio could become Bianca’s tutor and Tranio would pretend to be Lucentio. 1 Answer the following questions. SCORE EXIT set The play starts with an induction and is (0) …………. in Warwickshire. A lord finds Christopher Sly, a drunk tinker, lying on the ground and decides to play a trick on him. He is taken to the lord’s house and dressed in magnificent clothes. When he wakes up, he is told that he is really a lord who has been very ill. He is told that a group of actors is about to perform a play. The play is set in Italy. Lucentio, the son of a wealthy merchant, Vincentio, has arrived in Padua to study at the university. He arrived with his servant, Tranio. Lucentio and Tranio overheard a conversation (1) ………….. Baptista and two men, Gremio and Hortensio, both of whom wanted to marry Baptista’s younger daughter, Bianca. Baptista decided that no one was to marry Bianca until the (2) …………….. daughter, Katharine, had found a husband. Gremio and Hortensio decided to find a husband for Katharine. Another young man, Petruchio, had also arrived in Padua with his servant, Grumio. They went to visit Hortensio, (3) ……………. was pleased to see them. Hortensio told Petruchio (4) …………… his love for Bianca and eventually agreed to introduce Petruchio, who was looking for a wife, to Katharine. He explained what Katharine’s behaviour was (5) ………….., but this only made Petruchio even more determined to marry her. He spoke to Baptista, who agreed to the marriage if Katharine accepted Petruchio. Katharine was very angry with (6) ……………. Petruchio and her father, but Petruchio decided on the wedding day and left. When this decision had been made, Gremio and Tranio spoke to Baptista about marrying Bianca. Baptista agreed that the most generous man would marry her. Tranio made the bigger offer but Baptista insisted on having his father’s guarantee (7) ………………. allowing him to marry Bianca. Tranio realised that he would have to find someone to pretend he were Vincentio. In the (8) …………….., Bianca was having lessons with Hortensio (who was pretending to be Licio) and Lucentio (who was pretending to be Cambio). Lucentio told Bianca who he really was. Bianca, who had never really been interested in either Gremio or Hortensio, fell in love with Lucentio. Soon, the day of Katharine’s wedding arrived. Everyone was ready and waiting for Petruchio to arrive. Katharine was upset and humiliated because he hadn’t turned (9) …………. and she returned to the house. Eventually Petruchio arrived but he was dressed in very old, dirty clothes. The wedding went ahead, although Petruchio behaved very badly. After the service, he refused to stay for the wedding feast and took Katharine (10) …………… with him. For several days he treated her very badly (11) ………………. he was trying to teach her a lesson. Back at Baptista’s house, Hortensio realised that Bianca was in love with ‘Cambio’ and decided to marry a rich widow instead. Tranio met an old merchant who had just arrived in Padua and persuaded him to play the part of Vincentio. Unfortunately, the real Vincentio arrived in Padua too. After much confusion, Lucentio and Bianca, who had just got married, told everyone what had happened, and they both asked their fathers for (12) ……………. . PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2002 Black Cat Publishing PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2002 Black Cat Publishing 9 10 EXIT TEST KEY A banquet was held in honour of the married couples: Lucentio and Bianca, Hortensio and the rich widow, and Petruchio and Katharine. There was a bet to see which wife was the most obedient and everyone was surprised to see that it was Katharine – Petruchio had finally managed to ‘tame’ her! SCORE /12 2 For questions 1-15, of which of the people A-H are the following statements true? A • Lucentio B • Tranio C • Baptista D • Christopher Sly E • Katharine F • Bianca G • Hortensio H • Petruchio ….. 1. He was a drunk tinker. ….. 2. He arrived in Padua to study at the university. ….. 3. He had two daughters. ….. 4. He was a young man who told Baptista he wanted to marry his younger daughter. ….. 5. She was rude and aggressive. ….. 6. He decided that Katharine had to have a husband before Bianca could marry. ….. 7. He fell asleep during the play. ….. 8. He made up his mind to marry Katharine. ….. 9. She took lessons with Lycio and Cambio. TO THE Focus on the context 1 a. In Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564. b. Anne Hathaway. c. He worked in the theatre, first as an d. e. f. g. EXIT 4. about 5. like 6. both 7. before 8. meantime 9. up 10. away 11. because 12. forgiveness actor and then as a playwright. The Lord Chamberlain’s Men. Thirty-eight. It’s a comedy. In Italy. Focus on the story 1 1. between 2. elder 3. who 2 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. G 5. E 6. C 7. D 8. H 9. F 10. F 11. H 12. B 13. F 14. G 15. H ….. 10. She wasn’t in love with either Hortensio or Gremio. ….. 11. He acted very badly towards Katharine. ….. 12. He decided to look for an impostor. ….. 13. She fell in love with Lucentio. ….. 14. He married a rich widow. ….. 15. He had the most obedient wife. SCORE /15 TOTAL SCORE © 2002 /34 Black Cat Publishing, an imprint of Cideb Editrice, Genoa, Canterbury PHOTOCOPIABLE © 2002 Black Cat Publishing 11 TEST 12