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410
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
COMBINING FORM
MEANING
TERMINOLOGY
MEANING
ather/o
yellowish plaque,
fatty substance
(Greek athere
means porridge)
atheroma __________________________________________
The suffix -oma means mass or collection. Atheromas are
collections of plaque that protrude into the lumen (opening) of an
artery, weakening the muscle lining.
atherosclerosis _____________________________________
The major form of arteriosclerosis in which deposits of yellow
plaque (atheromas) containing cholesterol and lipids are found
within the lining of the artery (Figure 11-12).
atherectomy _______________________________________
atri/o
atrium, upper
heart chamber
atrial _____________________________________________
brachi/o
arm
brachial artery _____________________________________
cardi/o
heart
cardiomegaly _______________________________________
atrioventricular _____________________________________
cardiomyopathy ____________________________________
One type of cardiomyopathy is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy—
abnormal thickening of heart muscle, usually in the left ventricle.
The ventricle has to work harder to pump blood. The condition
may be inherited or develop over time because of high blood
pressure or aging. Often the cause is unknown (idiopathic).
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bradycardia ________________________________________
Slower than 60 beats per minute. Normal pulse is about 60 to
80 beats per minute. Brady- means slow.
tachycardia ________________________________________
Faster than 100 beats per minute. Supraventricular tachycardia
(SVT) involves rapid beats coming from the atria (above the
ventricles) and causing palpitation (abnormal sensations in the
chest). Tachy- means fast.
cardiogenic shock ___________________________________
Results from failure of the heart in its pumping action. Shock is
circulatory failure associated with inadequate delivery of oxygen
and nutrients to body tissues.
cholesterol/o
coron/o
cholesterol (a
lipid substance)
hypercholesterolemia ________________________________
heart
coronary arteries ___________________________________
Statins are drugs that work by blocking a key enzyme in the
production of cholesterol by the liver.
These arteries come down over the top of the heart like a crown
(corona); see Figure 11-22A, page 426.
ather/o, arteri/o, arthr/o
These three combining forms are easily confused.
ather/o = yellowish plaque
arteri/o = artery
arthr/o = joint
BLOOD SYSTEM
513
COMBINING FORM
MEANING
TERMINOLOGY
MEANING
myel/o
bone marrow
myeloblast _________________________________________
The suffix -blast indicates an immature cell.
myelodysplasia _____________________________________
This is a preleukemic condition.
neutr/o
neutral (neither
base nor acid)
neutropenia ________________________________________
nucle/o
nucleus
polymorphonuclear _________________________________
phag/o
eat, swallow
phagocyte _________________________________________
poikil/o
varied, irregular
poikilocytosis ______________________________________
This term refers to neutrophils.
Irregularity in the shape of red blood cells. Poikilocytosis occurs
in certain types of anemia.
sider/o
iron
sideropenia ________________________________________
spher/o
globe, round
spherocytosis ______________________________________
In this condition, the erythrocyte has a round shape, making the
cell fragile and easily able to be destroyed.
thromb/o
clot
thrombocytopenia __________________________________
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SUFFIXES
SUFFIX
MEANING
TERMINOLOGY
MEANING
-apheresis
removal, a
carrying away
plasmapheresis _____________________________________
A centrifuge spins blood to remove plasma from the other parts of
blood.
leukapheresis ______________________________________
plateletpheresis _____________________________________
Note that the a of apheresis is dropped in this term. Platelets are
removed from the donor’s blood (and used in a patient), and the
remainder of the blood is reinfused into the donor.
-blast
immature cell,
embryonic
monoblast _________________________________________
Don’t confuse -apheresis with -phoresis
The suffix -apheresis (see page 522) refers to the removal of blood from a donor with a portion separated and retained and
the remainder reinfused into the donor. The suffix -phoresis indicates transmission (as in electrophoresis, the transmission
of electricity to separate substances).
514
BLOOD SYSTEM
SUFFIX
MEANING
TERMINOLOGY
MEANING
-cytosis
abnormal
condition of cells
(increase in cells)
macrocytosis _______________________________________
Macrocytes are erythrocytes that are larger (macro-) than
normal.
microcytosis _______________________________________
These are erythrocytes that are smaller (micro-) than normal.
Table 13-3 reviews terms related to abnormalities of red blood cell
morphology.
-emia
blood condition
leukemia __________________________________________
See page 518.
-gen
-globin
giving rise to;
producing
fibrinogen _________________________________________
protein
hemoglobin ________________________________________
-globulin
-lytic
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Fibrin is a protein that forms the basis of a blood clot.
immunoglobulin ____________________________________
pertaining to
destruction
thrombolytic therapy ________________________________
-oid
derived or
originating from
myeloid ___________________________________________
-osis
abnormal
condition
thrombosis ________________________________________
-penia
deficiency
granulocytopenia ___________________________________
Used to dissolve clots.
pancytopenia _______________________________________
-phage
eat, swallow
macrophage _______________________________________
A large phagocyte that destroys worn-out red blood cells and
foreign material.
-philia
attraction for (an
increase in cell
numbers)
eosinophilia ________________________________________
-phoresis
carrying,
transmission
electrophoresis _____________________________________
-poiesis
formation
hematopoiesis ______________________________________
neutrophilia _______________________________________
erythropoiesis ______________________________________
Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to stimulate
erythrocyte formation.
myelopoiesis _______________________________________
-stasis
stop, control
hemostasis ________________________________________