Download Cranial Nerves

Cranial Nerves
2
Number
I
Name
Olfactory
Type
Sensory
Origin
Olfactory mucosa
Olfactory bulb
Termination
Olfactory tract and olfactory areas on temporal lobe
Foramen
Olfactory foramina of ethmoid
Function
Sense of smell
Disorder
Loss of sense of smell
4
Number
II
Name
Optic
Type
Sensory
Origin
Rods and cones of the retina
Termination
Visual cortex via lateral geniculate
Foramen
Optic foramen of the sphenoid
Function
Sense of vision
Disorder
Impairment of vision and blindness
6
Number
Name
III
Oculomotor
Type
Mixed
Origin
Motor-midbrain
Sense- muscle
Termination
2 branches
1-Superior: Sup rectus
2-Inferior.
Somatic: Inf. Oblique; Inf & Med. Rectus. Eyelid.
Parasympathetic. Ciliary muscle and iris
Foramen
Function
Disorder
Superior orbital fissure
Eye movement
Focusing and pupil size
Ptosis- eyelid droop
Diplopia- double vision
Strabismus- lateral cross eye
Loss of near vision
8
Number
Name
Type
IV
Trochlear (smallest)
Mixed
Motor- eye movement
Sensory- muscle sense
Origin
Dorsal midbrain of brainstem
Termination
Superior oblique of the eye
Foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Function
Controls inferiolateral rotation of the eye
Disorder
Diplopia
Inferiolateral rotation reduced.
q36
10
Number
Name
V.a
Trigeminal (largest)
Ophthalmic
Type
Sensory of upper face
Origin
Upper face, above the eye
Termination Pons
Foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Function
Sensory information: touch, pain, temperature of upper face.
Disorder
Loss of sensation of face
Trigeminal neuralgia
Tic douloroux
12
Number
Name
V. b
Trigeminal (largest)
Maxillary
Type
Sensory of middle face
Origin
Middle face- nose to maxilla
Termination Pons
Foramen
Foramen rotundum
Function
Sensory information: touch, pain, temperature of middle face.
Disorder
Same as ophthalmic branch
14
Number
Name
V. c
Trigeminal (largest)
Mandibular
Type
Mixed
Origin
Motor:Pons
Sensory: Mandibular region
Termination Motor: Muscles of mastication
Sensory: Pons
Foramen
Foramen ovale
Function
Control of mastication
Sensory for mandibular region
Disorder
Same as ophthalmic branch
16
Number
VI
Name
Abducens
Type
Mixed (mostly motor)
Origin
Pons and medulla
Termination Lateral rectus of the eye
Foramen
Superior orbital fissure
Function
Lateral eye movement
Disorder
Medial strabismus
18
Number
VII
Name
Facial
Type
Mixed
Origin
Pons
Tongue
Termination Muscles of facial expression
Pons
Foramen
Internal auditory meatus
Function
Facial expression, motor sense and taste
Disorder
Bell’s palsy
q37
20
Number
VIII
Name
Vestibulocochlear
Type
Sensory
Origin
Auditory and vestibular apparatus
Termination Pons and medulla
Foramen
Internal auditory meatus
Function
Sense of balance and hearing
Disorder
Nerve deafness and vertigo
22
Number
IX
Name
Glossopharyngeal
Type
Mixed
Origin
Lateral medulla
Termination Tongue and throat muscles
Salivary glands
Sense of taste
Foramen
Jugular foramen
Function
Swallowing, salivary gland secretion, taste
Disorder
Loss of above
24
Number
X
Name
Vagus
Type
Mixed
Origin
Lateral medulla
Termination Lower head and neck
Thorax
Upper abdomen
Foramen
Jugular foramen
Function
ANS regulation of structures noted above
Disorder
Usually minimal loss of above
26
Number
XI
Name
Accessory
Type
Mixed
Origin
Cranial- medulla
Spinal- C1-6 segments of cord
Termination Cranial- voluntary muscles of pharynx, larynx & palate.
Spinal- sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
Foramen
Spinal enters skull through F. magnum, joins with cranial, exits
via jugular
Function
Controls swallowing and shoulder movements
Disorder
Loss of above
28
Number
XII
Name
Hypoglossal
Type
Mixed
Origin
Medulla
Termination Muscles of the tongue
Foramen
Hypoglossal canal of the occipital bone
Function
Food manipulation and vocalization.
Disorder
Loss of above
q38
30