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FRAC Code List ©*2017: Fungicides sorted by mode of action
(including FRAC Code numbering)
INTRODUCTION
The following table lists commercial fungicides according to their mode of action and resistance risk.
The most important bactericides are also included.
The Table headings are defined as:
MOA Code
Different letters (A to I, with added numbers) are used to distinguish fungicide groups according to
their biochemical mode of action (MOA) in the biosynthetic pathways of plant pathogens. The
grouping was made according to processes in the metabolism starting from nucleic acids synthesis
(A) to secondary metabolism, e.g. melanin synthesis (I) at the end of the list, followed by host plant
defence inducers (P), recent molecules with an unknown mode of action and unknown resistance risk
(U, transient status, until information about mode of action and mechanism of resistance becomes
available), and chemical multi-site inhibitors (M). Fungicidal compositions of biological origin are
grouped according to the main mode of action within the respective pathway categories. A newly
introduced category “Biologicals with multiple modes of action” (BM) is used for agents from
biological origin showing multiple mechanisms of action without evidence of a dominating mode of
action.
Target Site and Code
If available, the biochemical mode of action is given. In several cases the precise target site may not
be known, however, a grouping within a given pathway / functional cluster is still possible. Grouping
can also be made due to cross resistance profiles within a group or in relation to other groups.
Group Name
The Group Names listed are based on chemical relatedness of structures which are accepted in
literature (e.g. The Pesticide Manual). They are based on different sources (chemical structure, site
of action, first important representative in group).
Chemical Group
Grouping is based on chemical considerations. Nomenclature is according to IUPAC and Chemical
Abstract name.
FRAC Code List© 2017
Page 1 of 12
Common name
BSI/ISO accepted (or proposed) common name for an individual active ingredient expected to appear
on the product label as definition of the product.
Comments on Resistance
Details are given for the (molecular) mechanism of resistance and the resistance risk. If fieldresistance is known to one member of the Group, it is most likely but not exclusively valid that cross
resistance to other group members will be present. There is increasing evidence that the degree of
cross resistance can differ between group members and pathogen species or even within species. For
the latest information on resistance and cross resistance status of a particular pathogen / fungicide
combination, it is advised to contact local FRAC representatives, product manufacturer’s
representatives or crop protection advisors. The intrinsic risk for resistance evolution to a given
fungicide group is estimated to be low, medium or high according to the principles described in
FRAC Monographs 1, 2 and 3. Resistance management is driven by intrinsic risk of fungicide,
pathogen risk and agronomic risk (see FRAC pathogen risk list).
Similar classification lists of fungicides have been published by T. Locke on behalf of FRAG – UK
(Fungicide Resistance, August 2001), and by P. Leroux (Classification des fongicides agricoles et
résistance, Phytoma, La Défense des Végétaux, No. 554, 43-51, November 2002).
FRAC Code
Numbers and letters are used to distinguish the fungicide groups according to their cross resistance
behaviour. The numbers were assigned primarily according to the time of product introduction to the
market. The letters refer to P = host plant defence inducers, M = chemical multi-site inhibitors, U =
unknown mode of action and unknown resistance risk, and BM = biologicals with multiple modes of
action. Reclassification of compounds based on new research may result in codes to expire. This is
most likely in the U – section when the mode of actions gets clarified. These codes are not re-used
for new groups; a note is added to indicate reclassification into a new code.
Last update: February 2017
Next update decisions: January2018
* Disclaimer
The FRAC Code List is the property of FRAC and protected by copyright laws. The FRAC Code
List may be used for educational purposes without permission from FRAC. Commercial use of this
material may only be made with the express, prior and written permission of FRAC. Inclusion to the
FRAC Code List is based on scientific evaluation of the mode of action of the active ingredients; it
does not provide any kind of testimonial for the use of a product or a judgment on efficacy.
FRAC Code List© 2017
Page 2 of 12
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
A: nucleic acids synthesis
A1
RNA polymerase I
A2
adenosindeaminase
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
acylalanines
PA – fungicides
(PhenylAmides)
hydroxy(2-amino-)
pyrimidines
A3
DNA/RNA synthesis heteroaromatics
(proposed)
oxazolidinones
oxadixyl
butyrolactones
ofurace
hydroxy(2-amino-) pyrimidines
bupirimate
dimethirimol
ethirimol
isoxazoles
hymexazole
isothiazolones
octhilinone
A4
DNA topoisomerase
type II (gyrase)
carboxylic acids
carboxylic acids
benzimidazoles
MBC fungicides
(Methyl
ß-tubulin assembly
Benzimidazole
in mitosis
Carbamates)
B: Cytoskeleton and motor proteins
B1
B2
ß-tubulin assembly
in mitosis
N-phenyl
carbamates
benalaxyl
benalaxyl-M
(=kiralaxyl)
furalaxyl
metalaxyl
metalaxyl-M
(=mefenoxam)
thiophanates
N-phenyl
carbamates
COMMENTS
FRAC
CODE
Resistance and cross resistance
well known in various
Oomycetes but mechanism
unknown.
High risk.
See FRAC Phenylamide
Guidelines
for resistance management
Medium risk. Resistance and
cross resistance known in
powdery mildews.
Resistance management
required.
8
Resistance not known.
32
Bactericide. Resistance known.
Risk in fungi unknown.
oxolinic acid
Resistance management
required.
Resistance common in many
benomyl
fungal species. Several target
carbendazim
site mutations, mostly
fuberidazole
E198A/G/K, F200Y in β-tubulin
thiabendazole
gene.
Positive cross resistance
between the group members.
Negative cross resistance to Nthiophanate
Phenylcarbamates.
thiophanate-methyl
High risk. See FRAC
Benzimidazole Guidelines
for resistance management.
Resistance known. Target site
mutation E198K. Negative cross
diethofencarb
resistance to benzimidazoles.
High risk. Resistance
management required.
B3
benzamides
toluamides
zoxamide
ß-tubulin assembly
in mitosis
thiazole
carboxamide
ethylamino-thiazolecarboxamide
phenylureas
benzamides
31
1
10
ethaboxam
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
22
phenylureas
pencycuron
Resistance not known.
20
pyridinylmethylbenzamides
fluopicolide
Resistance not known.
43
phenamacril
Resistance known in Fusarium
graminearum. Target site
mutations in the gene coding for
myosin-5 found in lab studies.
Medium to high risk.
Resistance management
required.
47
B4
cell division
(proposed)
4
B5
delocalisation of
spectrin-like
proteins
B6
actin/myosin/fimbrin cyanoacrylates aminocyanoacrylates
function
FRAC Code List© 2017
Page 3 of 12
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
C1
pyrimidinamines
Pyrimidinamines
diflumetorim
complex I NADH
Oxido-reductase
pyrazole-MET1
pyrazole-5carboxamides
tolfenpyrad
phenyl-benzamides
benodanil
flutolanil
mepronil
C2
C. respiration
SDHI
(Succinatecomplex II:
succinate-dehydro- dehydrogenase
inhibitors)
genase
phenyl-oxo-ethyl
thiophene amide
pyridinyl-ethylbenzamides
furan- carboxamides
oxathiincarboxamides
thiazolecarboxamides
pyrazole-4carboxamides
N-methoxy-(phenylethyl)-pyrazolecarboxamides
pyridinecarboxamides
pyrazinecarboxamides
COMMENTS
FRAC
CODE
Resistance not known.
39
isofetamid
fluopyram
fenfuram
carboxin
oxycarboxin
thifluzamide
benzovindiflupyr
bixafen
fluxapyroxad
furametpyr
isopyrazam
penflufen
penthiopyrad
sedaxane
Resistance known for several
fungal species in field
populations and lab mutants.
Target site mutations in sdh
gene, e.g. H/Y (or H/L) at 257,
267, 272 or P225L, dependent
on fungal species.
Resistance management
required.
Medium to high risk.
See FRAC SDHI Guidelines
for resistance management.
pydiflumetofen
boscalid
pyraziflumid
azoxystrobin
coumoxystrobin
enoxastrobin
methoxy-acrylates
flufenoxystrobin
Resistance known in various
picoxystrobin
fungal species. Target site
pyraoxystrobin mutations in cyt b gene (G143A,
methoxy-acetamide
mandestrobin
F129L) and additional
C3
pyraclostrobin
mechanisms.
complex III:
methoxy-carbamates pyrametostrobin
cytochrome bc1 QoI-fungicides
triclopyricarb
Cross resistance shown
(ubiquinol oxidase) (Quinone outside
kresoxim-methyl between all members of the QoI
oximino-acetates
at Qo site (cyt b
trifloxystrobin
Inhibitors)
group.
gene)
dimoxystrobin
fenaminstrobin
High risk.
oximino-acetamides
metominostrobin
orysastrobin
See FRAC QoI Guidelines
for resistance management.
oxazolidine-diones
famoxadone
dihydro-dioxazines
fluoxastrobin
Imidazolinones
fenamidone
benzyl-carbamates
pyribencarb
Resistance risk unknown but
C4
cyano-imidazole
cyazofamid
assumed to be medium to high
QiI - fungicides
complex III:
(mutations at target site known
(Quinone
inside
cytochrome
in model organisms).
Inhibitors)
bc1(ubiquinone
Resistance
management
sulfamoyl-triazole
amisulbrom
reductase) at Qi site
required.
FRAC Code List© 2017
7
Page 4 of 12
11
21
C: respiration (continued)
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP
COMMON NAME
COMMENTS
C5
dinitrophenyl
crotonates
Resistance not known.
Also acaricidal activity.
uncouplers of
oxidative phosphorylation
binapacryl
meptyldinocap
dinocap
2,6-dinitroanilines
fluazinam
Low risk. However, resistance
claimed in Botrytis in Japan.
(pyr.-hydrazones)
(ferimzone)
Reclassified to U 14 in 2012.
organo tin
compounds
tri-phenyl tin
compounds
fentin acetate
fentin chloride
fentin hydroxide
Some resistance cases
known. Low to medium risk.
30
thiophenecarboxamides
thiophenecarboxamides
silthiofam
Resistance reported. Risk low.
38
ametoctradin
Not cross resistant to QoI
fungicides.
Resistance risk assumed to
be medium to high
(single site inhibitor).
Resistance management
required.
45
C6
inhibitors of
oxidative phosphorylation, ATP
synthase
C7
ATP production
(proposed)
C8
QoSI fungicides
complex III:
(Quinone
outside
cytochrome bc1
Inhibitor,
triazolo-pyrimidylamine
(ubiquinone
stigmatellin
reductase) at
Qo site, stigmatellin binding type)
binding sub-site
D: amino acids and protein synthesis
D1
methionine
biosynthesis
(proposed)
(cgs gene)
D2
protein synthesis
D3
protein synthesis
D4
protein synthesis
D5
protein synthesis
FRAC Code List© 2017
AP - fungicides
(AnilinoPyrimidines)
anilino-pyrimidines
cyprodinil
mepanipyrim
pyrimethanil
enopyranuronic enopyranuronic acid
acid antibiotic
antibiotic
blasticidin-S
hexopyranosyl
antibiotic
hexopyranosyl
antibiotic
kasugamycin
glucopyranosyl
antibiotic
glucopyranosyl
antibiotic
streptomycin
tetracycline
antibiotic
tetracycline antibiotic
oxytetracycline
FRAC
CODE
29
Resistance known in Botrytis
and Venturia, sporadically in
Oculimacula.
Medium risk.
See FRAC Anilinopyrimidine
Guidelines
for resistance management.
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
Resistance known in fungal
and bacterial (P. glumae)
pathogens. Medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
Bactericide. Resistance
known. High risk.
Resistance management
required.
Bactericide. Resistance
known. High risk.
Resistance management
required.
Page 5 of 12
9
23
24
25
41
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
E1
E: signal transduction
signal transduction
(mechanism
unknown)
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP
aryloxyquinoline
COMMON NAME
quinoxyfen
azanaphthalenes
quinazolinone
proquinazid
phenylpyrroles
fenpiclonil
fludioxonil
dicarboximides
chlozolinate
dimethachlone
iprodione
procymidone
vinclozolin
E2
MAP/HistidinePP-fungicides
Kinase in osmotic (PhenylPyrroles)
signal transduction
(os-2, HOG1)
E3
MAP/Histidinedicarboximides
Kinase in osmotic
signal transduction
(os-1, Daf1)
FRAC Code List© 2017
COMMENTS
Resistance to quinoxyfen
known. Medium risk.
Resistance management
required. Cross resistance
found in Erysiphe (Uncinula)
necator but not in Blumeria
graminis.
Resistance found sporadically,
mechanism speculative.
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
Resistance common in Botrytis
and some other pathogens.
Several mutations in OS-1,
mostly I365S.
Cross resistance common
between the group members.
Medium to high risk.
See FRAC Dicarboximide
Guidelines
for resistance management.
Page 6 of 12
FRAC
CODE
13
12
2
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP
F1
formerly dicarboximides
F2
F: lipid synthesis or transport / membrane integrity or function
phospholipid
biosynthesis,
methyltransferase
F3
lipid peroxidation
(proposed)
phosphorothiolates
phosphoro-thiolates
dithiolanes
Dithiolanes
F5
edifenphos
iprobenfos (IBP)
pyrazophos
isoprothiolane
biphenyl
AH-fungicides
chloroneb
(Aromatic
aromatic hydrocarbons
dicloran
Hydrocarbons)
quintozene (PCNB)
(chlorophenyls,
tecnazene (TCNB)
nitroanilines)
tolclofos-methyl
heteroaromatics
1,2,4-thiadiazoles
etridiazole
carbamates
carbamates
iodocarb
propamocarb
prothiocarb
F4
cell membrane
permeability, fatty
acids (proposed)
COMMON NAME
COMMENTS
Resistance known in specific
fungi. Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required if used for risky
pathogens.
6
Resistance known in some
fungi.
Low to medium risk.
Cross resistance patterns
complex due to different
activity spectra.
14
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
28
formerly CAA-fungicides
Bacillus subtilis syn.
B.amyloliquefaciens*
*synonyms for Bacillus
strain QST 713 amyloliquefaciens are Bacillus
Bacillus
subtilis and B. subtilis var.
F6
amyloliquefaciens amyloliquefaciens (previous
Bacillus sp. and the
strain FZB24
microbial
taxonomic classification).
fungicidal
lipopeptides
microbial disrupters (Bacillus sp.)
Bacillus
produced
Resistance not known.
of pathogen cell
amyloliquefaciens
membranes
strain MBI600
Induction of host plant defence
Bacillus
described as additional mode
amyloliquefaciens
of action for strain FZB24.
strain D747
extract from
Melaleuca alternifolia
F7
terpene hydrocarbons,
(tea tree)
cell membrane
plant extract terpene alcohols and
Resistance not known.
Plant oils (mixtures):
disruption
terpene phenols
eugenol, geraniol,
(proposed)
thymol
amphoteric macrolide
antifungal antibiotic
Resistance not known
natamycin
F8
polyene
from Streptomyces
agricultural, food and topical
(pimaricin)
ergosterol binding
natalensis or
medical uses.
S. chattanoogensis
OSBPI
Resistance risk assumed to be
oxysterol
binding
medium to high (single site
F9
piperidinyl-thiazoleprotein
oxathiapiprolin
inhibitor). Resistance
lipid homeostasis
isoxazolines
management required.
and transfer/storage homologue
inhibition
(Previously U15).
FRAC Code List© 2017
FRAC
CODE
Page 7 of 12
44
46
48
49
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
piperazines
pyridines
pyrimidines
imidazoles
G: sterol biosynthesis in membranes
G1
DMI-fungicides
(DeMethylation
C14- demethylase
Inhibitors)
in sterol
biosynthesis
(SBI: Class I)
(erg11/cyp51)
triazoles
triazolinthiones
G2
14-reductase
and
87isomerase
in sterol
biosynthesis
(erg24, erg2)
amines
(“morpholines”)
G3
3-keto reduc-tase, (SBI: Class III)
C4- de-methylation
(erg27)
G4
squalene-epoxidase (SBI class IV)
in sterol
biosynthesis
(erg1)
FRAC Code List© 2017
triforine
pyrifenox
pyrisoxazole
fenarimol
nuarimol
There are big differences in the
imazalil
activity spectra of DMI
oxpoconazole
fungicides.
pefurazoate
prochloraz
Resistance is known in various
triflumizole
fungal species. Several
azaconazole
resistance mechanisms are
bitertanol
known incl. target site mutations
bromuconazole
in cyp51 (erg 11) gene, e.g.
cyproconazole
V136A, Y137F, A379G, I381V;
difenoconazole
cyp51 promotor; ABC
diniconazole
transporters and others.
epoxiconazole
etaconazole
Generally wise to accept that
fenbuconazole
cross resistance is present
fluquinconazole
between DMI fungicides active
flusilazole
against the same fungus.
flutriafol
hexaconazole
DMI fungicides are Sterol
imibenconazole
Biosynthesis Inhibitors (SBIs),
ipconazole
but show no cross resistance to
metconazole
other SBI classes.
myclobutanil
penconazole
Medium risk.
propiconazole
simeconazole
See FRAC SBI Guidelines
tebuconazole
for resistance management.
tetraconazole
triadimefon
triadimenol
triticonazole
prothioconazole
morpholines
aldimorph
dodemorph
fenpropimorph
tridemorph
piperidines
fenpropidin
piperalin
(SBI: Class II)
COMMENTS
spiroketal-amines
spiroxamine
hydroxyanilides
fenhexamid
amino-pyrazolinone
fenpyrazamine
thiocarbamates
pyributicarb
allylamines
naftifine
terbinafine
Decreased sensitivity for
powdery mildews.
Cross resistance within the
group generally found but not to
other
SBI classes.
FRAC
CODE
3
5
Low to medium risk.
See FRAC SBI Guidelines
for resistance management.
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
17
Resistance not known,
fungicidal and herbicidal activity.
18
Medical fungicides only.
Page 8 of 12
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
H: cell wall biosynthesis
H3
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
Formerly glucopyranosyl
antibiotic (validamycin)
H4
polyoxins
chitin synthase
H5
CAA-fungicides
(Carboxylic Acid
Amides)
cellulose synthase
peptidyl pyrimidine
nucleoside
polyoxin
cinnamic acid amides
dimethomorph
flumorph
pyrimorph
valinamide
carbamates
mandelic acid amides
I: melanin synthesis in cell wall
I1
reductase in
melanin
biosynthesis
I2
dehydratase in
melanin
biosynthesis
I3
polyketide synthase
in melanin
biosynthesis
P: host plant defence induction
P1
salicylic acid
pathway
MBI-R
(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors –
Reductase)
MBI-D
(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors –
Dehydratase)
MBI-P
(Melanin
Biosynthesis
Inhibitors –
Polyketide
synthase)
benzothiadiazole
(BTH)
FRAC
CODE
reclassified to U18
26
Resistance known.
Medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
19
Resistance known in
Plasmopara viticola but not in
Phytophthora infestans.
benthiavalicarb
Cross resistance between all
iprovalicarb
members of the CAA group.
valifenalate
Low to medium risk.
See FRAC CAA Guidelines for
resistance management.
mandipropamid
isobenzo-furanone
fthalide
pyrrolo-quinolinone
pyroquilon
triazolobenzothiazole
cyclopropanecarboxamide
COMMENTS
Resistance not known.
40
16.1
tricyclazole
carpropamid
Resistance known.
Medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
16.2
carboxamide
diclocymet
propionamide
fenoxanil
trifluoroethylcarbamate
tolprocarb
Resistance not known.
16.3
benzo-thiadiazole
(BTH)
acibenzolar-Smethyl
Resistance not known.
P 01
Resistance not known.
P 02
P2
benzisothiazole
benzisothiazole
probenazole
(also antibacterial
and antifungal
activity)
P3
thiadiazolecarboxamide
thiadiazolecarboxamide
tiadinil
isotianil
Resistance not known.
P 03
P4
natural
compound
polysaccharides
laminarin
Resistance not known.
P 04
P5
plant extract
complex mixture,
ethanol extract
extract from
Reynoutria
sachalinensis
(giant knotweed)
Resistance not known.
P 05
P6
microbial
Bacillus cereus group
Bacillus mycoides
isolate J
Resistance not known.
P 06
FRAC Code List© 2017
Page 9 of 12
MOA
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
unknown
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
cyanoacetamideoxime
cyanoacetamideoxime
U: Unknown mode of action
(U numbers not appearing in the list derive from reclassified fungicides)
ethyl phosphonates
COMMENTS
FRAC
CODE
Resistance claims described.
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
27
Few resistance cases reported
in few pathogens.
Low risk.
phosphorous acid
and salts
33
cymoxanil
fosetyl-Al
unknown
phosphonates
unknown
phthalamic acids
phthalamic acids
teclofthalam
(Bactericide)
Resistance not known.
34
unknown
benzotriazines
benzotriazines
triazoxide
Resistance not known.
35
unknown
benzenesulfonamides
benzenesulphonamides
flusulfamide
Resistance not known.
36
unknown
pyridazinones
pyridazinones
diclomezine
Resistance not known.
37
unknown
thiocarbamate
thiocarbamate
methasulfocarb
Resistance not known.
42
unknown
phenylacetamide
phenyl-acetamide
cyflufenamid
Resistance in Sphaerotheca.
Resistance management
required
U 06
benzophenone
metrafenone
Less sensitive isolates detected
in wheat powdery mildew.
Medium risk.
Resistance management
required.
U 08
U 12
actin disruption
(proposed)
aryl-phenylketone
benzoylpyridine
pyriofenone
cell membrane
disruption
(proposed)
guanidines
guanidines
dodine
Resistance known in
Venturia inaequalis.
Low to medium risk.
Resistance management
recommended.
unknown
thiazolidine
cyano-methylenethiazolidines
flutianil
Resistance not known.
U 13
unknown
pyrimidinonehydrazones
pyrimidinonehydrazones
ferimzone
Resistance not known
(previously C5).
U 14
U 16
complex III:
cytochrome bc1,
unknown binding
site (proposed)
4-quinolylacetate
4-quinolyl-acetates
tebufloquin
Not cross resistant to QoI.
Resistance risk unknown but
assumed to be medium.
Resistance management
required.
Unknown
tetrazolyloxime
tetrazolyloximes
picarbutrazox
Resistance not known.
Not cross resistant to
PA, QoI, CAA.
U 17
Unknown
(Inhibition of
trehalase)
glucopyranosyl
antibiotic
glucopyranosyl
antibiotics
validamycin
Resistance not known.
Induction of host plant defense
by trehalose proposed
(previously H3).
U 18
FRAC Code List© 2017
Page 10 of 12
MOA
M: Chemicals with multi-site activity
NC:
not
classified
TARGET SITE
AND CODE
unknown
multi-site
contact
activity
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
FRAC
CODE
Resistance not known.
NC
diverse
diverse
mineral oils,
organic oils,
potassium
bicarbonate,
material of
biological origin
inorganic
inorganic
copper
(different salts)
M 01
inorganic
inorganic
sulphur
M 02
dithiocarbamates
and relatives
dithio-carbamates
and relatives
ferbam
mancozeb
maneb
metiram
propineb
thiram
zinc thiazole
zineb
ziram
M 03
phthalimides
phthalimides
captan
captafol
folpet
M 04
Generally considered as a low
risk group without any signs of
resistance developing to the
fungicides.
chloronitriles
(phthalonitriles)
chloronitriles
(phthalonitriles)
chlorothalonil
sulfamides
sulfamides
dichlofluanid
tolylfluanid
M 06
bis-guanidines
bis-guanidines
guazatine
iminoctadine
M 07
triazines
triazines
anilazine
M 08
quinones
(anthraquinones)
quinones
(anthra-quinones)
dithianon
M 09
quinoxalines
quinoxalines
chinomethionat /
quinomethionate
M 10
maleimide
maleimide
fluoroimide
M 11
Formerly polypeptides from plant extracts (“BLAD”)
FRAC Code List© 2017
COMMENTS
reclassified to BM1
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M 05
M12
MOA
TARGET SITE
BM: Biologicals with
multiple modes of action
multiple effects on
cell wall, ion
membrane
transporters;
chelating effects
polypeptide
(from
plant extract)
competition,
mycoparasitism,
antibiosis, lytic
enzymes and
induced resistance
microbial
(Trichoderma
spp.)
FRAC Code List© 2017
GROUP NAME CHEMICAL GROUP COMMON NAME
COMMENTS
FRAC
CODE
polypeptide (lectin)
extract from the
cotyledons of
lupine plantlets
(“BLAD”)
Resistance not known
(previously M12).
BM 01
Trichoderma spp. and
the fungicidal
metabolites produced
Trichoderma
atroviride strain
SC1
Resistance not known
BM 02
Page 12 of 12