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Name ____________________________________________ Period _________ Date ________ Earth and Space Science Astronomy Stars and Universe Test Review Part A: Vocabulary What terms match the following definitions? 1. __________________________ large, glowing spheres of gas that generate light through nuclear fusion in their cores 2. __________________________ hot, very dense, Earth-sized stars 3. __________________________ matter that does not give off electromagnetic radiation 4. __________________________ a telescope that uses lenses or mirrors to collect and focus visible light 5. __________________________ the apparent shift in the wavelengths of energy emitted from a source moving away from or toward an object 6. __________________________ a group of billions of stars, dust, and gas held together by gravity 7. __________________________ an instrument that separates light into bands of color 8. __________________________ a temperature classification of different types of stars 9. __________________________ our galaxy 10. _________________________ it includes gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves 11. _________________________ the apparent brightness of any star if it were viewed from a distance of 32.6 light-years away from Earth 12. _________________________ a huge explosion of a star 13. _________________________ a series of bright colored lines of particular wavelengths 14. _________________________ a large, cool star of high luminosity 15. _________________________ the farther away a galaxy is, the faster it is moving away 1 16. _________________________ uses a curved mirror to reflect light to produce an image 17. _________________________ spectral lines shifted towards the blue end of visible spectrum. Object is moving towards you. 18. _________________________ round to oval; mostly small galaxies 19. _________________________ the brightness of a star as seen from Earth 20. _________________________ a developing star not yet hot enough to engage in nuclear fusion 21. _________________________ uses a curved surface to reflect radio waves from space 22. _________________________ a graph that plots a star’s temperature (x axis) verses its brightness (y-axis) 23. _________________________ irregular shaped galaxies 24. _________________________ the distance from one wave crest to another 25. _________________________ the apparent change in position of an object when you look at it from different places 26. _________________________ made of neutrons formed as protons and electrons are squeezed together. It is very dense 27. _________________________ a continuous band of colors with several to many dark lines within it 28. _________________________ a very large, very bright red giant star 29. _________________________ energy from the explosion of the big bang 30. _________________________ instruments that collect and focus light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation 31. _________________________ the distance light travels in one year 32. _________________________ the remnant of very massive star that has a gravitational force so strong even light cannot escape 2 33. _________________________ rainbow of colors (ROY G BIV) 34. _________________________ 90% of all stars 35. _________________________ entire universe was confined to a tiny, dense, hot, super massive object then exploded outward hurling this material in all directions 36. _________________________ uses curved lenses to bend (refract) light to produce an image 37. _________________________ spectral lines shifted towards the red end of visible spectrum. Object is moving away from you. 38. _________________________ disk-shaped; large galaxies 39. _________________________ an atomic reaction in which smaller atoms are converted to larger atoms 40. _________________________ a cloud of gas and dust in space 41. _________________________ a force that is causing the expansion of the universe to accelerate Part B: Science Skills ________ 42. Which of the following magnitudes will be the brightest object in the sky? A. +1 B. +3 C. +7 D. +11 ________ 43. Which spectral classification would be highest in temperature? A. G5 B. K6 C. K2 D. G0 ________ 44. What magnitude are the faintest stars that the unaided eye can detect? A. sixth B. first C. second D. fourth 3 ________ 45. Stars A, B, C, D are all the same temperature. Which star would be the second brightest? A. B. C. D. ________ 46. Which spectral classification would be coolest in temperature? A. B7 B. F8 C. F4 D. B2 ________ 47. Which of the following magnitudes will be the dimmest objects in the sky? A. -3 B. -2 C. -1 D. 0 ________ 48. The diagram below represents four visible light waves with different characteristics. What is the correct sequence of colors? A. B. C. D. Red (A), Blue (B), Yellow (C), Green (D) Green (A), Yellow (B), Blue (C), Red (D) Yellow (A), Green (B), Red (C), Blue (D) Blue (A), Red (B), Green (C), Yellow (D) ________ 49. Which distance do astronomers use when evaluating absolute magnitude? A. 32.6 light years B. 1 AU C. 10 light years D. 1 light year ________ 50. Which of the following is true about parallax? A. It is used to measure distances to stars. B. The parallax angles of distant stars are too small to measure. C. The nearest stars have the smallest parallax angles. D. both A and B 4 Use the H-R diagram below to answer questions 51 through 54. ________ 51. A star with a temperature of 10,000 degrees Celsius and a luminosity of 100 would be considered a: A. white dwarf B. red giant C. main sequence D. super giant ________ 52. Red dwarfs are considered ______. A. cool, dim stars B. hot, bright stars C. cool, bright stars D. hot, dim stars ________ 53. Red giants are _______. A. cool, dim stars B. hot, bright stars C. hot, dim stars D. cool, bright stars ________ 54. Which star is the brightest? A. Sirius B. Polaris C. Procyon B D. Aldebaran 5 ________ 55. The diagram to the right shows a standard spectrum compared to a spectrum produced from a distant star. Which conclusion can be made by comparing the standard spectrum to the spectrum produced from this distant star? A. The star’s spectral lines have shifted toward the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the star is moving toward Earth. B. The star’s spectral lines have shifted toward the ultraviolet end of the spectrum and the star is moving away from Earth. C. The star’s spectral lines have shifted toward the infrared end of the spectrum and the star is moving toward Earth. D. The star’s spectral lines have shifted toward the infrared end of the spectrum and the star is moving away from Earth. ________ 56. After observing a particular galaxy for 10 years, you have noticed that its spectral lines have shifted toward the shorter wavelengths, proving: A. B. C. D. the galaxy is moving away from Earth the galaxy is moving toward the Earth the galaxy is cooling the galaxy is warming ________ 57. The difference in the brightness of two stars with the same surface temperature is due to their ____. A. densities B. colors C. ages D. sizes ________ 58. Large Doppler shifts indicate ____. A. low speeds B. high speeds C. low temperatures D. high temperatures ________ 59. Which of the following indicates that the universe is expanding? A. red shift of distant galaxies B. blue shift of distant galaxies C. blue shift of the Milky Way D. red shift of the Milky Way ________ 60. All stars, regardless of size, eventually ____. A. turn into black dwarfs B. explode C. run out of fuel and collapse D. become black holes 6 Name ____________________________________________ Period _________ Date ________ Earth and Space Science Astronomy Stars and Universe Test Review 1. __________________________ 23. _________________________ 2. __________________________ 24. _________________________ 3. __________________________ 25. _________________________ 4. __________________________ 26. _________________________ 5. __________________________ 27. _________________________ 6. __________________________ 28. _________________________ 7. __________________________ 29. _________________________ 8. __________________________ 30. _________________________ 9. __________________________ 31. _________________________ 10. _________________________ 32. _________________________ 11. _________________________ 33. _________________________ 12. _________________________ 34. _________________________ 13. _________________________ 35. _________________________ 14. _________________________ 36. _________________________ 15. _________________________ 37. _________________________ 16. _________________________ 38. _________________________ 17. _________________________ 39. _________________________ 18. _________________________ 40. _________________________ 19. _________________________ 41. _________________________ 20. _________________________ 42. _____ 21. _________________________ 43. _____ 22. _________________________ 44. _____ 7 45. _____ 53. _____ 46. _____ 54. _____ 47. _____ 55. _____ 48. _____ 56. _____ 49. _____ 57. _____ 50. _____ 58. _____ 51. _____ 59. _____ 52. _____ 60. _____ 8