Download Anatomy

URINARY SYSTEM
MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Chapter Six
HIT #141
Anatomy
• Kidneys = bean-shaped organs, located on each
side of the spinal column, removal of waste from
the blood.
– Nephron = microscopic located in the kidney, urine
producing .
– Glomerulus = process begins here, clusters of
capillaries at the entrance of the nephron .
– Renal pelvis = funnel shaped reservoir & passes it to
the urter.
– Hilum = indentation in kidney, ureter leaves.
• Ureters = tubes, carry urine to the bladder.
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Anatomy
• Urinary bladder = hollow organ that
temporarily holds the urine.
• Urethra = tube, from bladder to the
outside of the body, longer in the male.
– Urinary meatus = opening through
which the urine passes to the outside.
• Urine = pale yellow liquid waste product,
95% water and 5% nitrogenous waste.
Word Parts
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Cyst/o vesic/o = bladder, sac.
Glomerul/o = Glomerulus.
Meat/o = meatus (opening).
Nephr/o ren/o = kidney.
Pyel/o = kidney.
Ureter/o = ureter.
Urethr/o = urethra.
Albumin/o = albumin
Azot/o = urea, nitrogen
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Combining Forms
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Blast/o = developing cell.
Glyc/o = sugar.
Hydr/o = water.
Lith/o = stone, calculus.
Noct/i = night.
Olig/o = scanty, few.
Son/o = sound.
Tom/o = cut, section.
Urin/o = urine.
Ven/o = vein.
Suffixes
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-iasis esis = condition
-lysis = loosening, dissolution, separating
-megaly = enlargement
-orrhaphy = suturing, repairing
-ptosis = drooping, sagging, prolapse
-tripsy = surgical crushing
-uria = urine, urination
-trophy = nourishment, development
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Disease & Disorder Terms
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Cystitis = inflammation of the bladder.
Cystocele = protrusion of the bladder.
Cystolith = stone in the bladder.
Hydronephrosis = abnormal condition of
water in the kidney, from an obstruction.
Nephroblastoma = kidney tumor, developing
cell, (Wilms’ tumor).
Nephrolithiasis = stones in the kidney.
Nephroma = tumor of the kidney.
Nephromegaly = enlargement of the kidney.
Disease & Disorder Terms
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Nephroptosis = drooping kidney.
Pyelitis = inflammation of the renal pelvis.
Uremia = urine in the blood, toxic condition.
Ureterocele = protrusion of a ureter.
Ureterostenosis = narrowing of the ureter.
Urethrocystitis = inflammation of the urethra
and the bladder.
• Polycystic kidney = kidney contains many
cysts and is enlarged.
• Renal calculi = stones in the kidney.
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Disease & Disorder Terms #3
• Renal hypertension = elevated blood
pressure, resulting from kidney disease.
• Urinary retention = accumulation of urine in
the bladder. Inability to urinate.
• Urinary suppression = sudden stoppage of
urine formation.
• Urinary tract infection (UTI) = infection of
one or more of the urinary tract.
Surgical Terms
• Cystectomy = excision of the bladder.
• Cystolithotomy = incision of the bladder to
remove a stone.
• Cystoplasty = surgical repair of the bladder.
• Cystostomy = creating an artificial opening
into the bladder.
• Lithotripsy = surgical crushing of a stone.
• Nephrectomy = excision of a kidney.
• Nephropexy = surgical fixation of the kidney.
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Surgical Terms take two
• Pyelolithotomy = incision of the renal pelvis to
remove a stone.
• Ureterectomy = excision of a ureter.
• Urethroplasty = surgical repair of the urethra.
• Urethrotomy = incision in the urethra.
• Fulguration = destruction of living tissue with
an electric spark, to remove growths.
• Renal transplant = implantation of a donor
kidney.
• Lithotrite = instrument used to crush a stone.
Procedural Terms
• Cystogram = x-ray film of the bladder.
• Cystography = x-ray filming the bladder.
• Cystopyelgram = x-ray film of the bladder
and the renal pelvis.
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) = x-ray film of
the renal pelvis with contrast medium injected
intravenously.
• Nephrogram = x-ray film of the kidney.
• Nephrosonography = recording the kidney
with sound. Ultrasound test.
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Procedural Terms
• Renogram = graphic record of the kidney.
• Retrograde pyelogram = x-ray of the renal
pelvis, opposite from normal direction with
contrast medium injected through the urethra.
• Cystoscope = instrument for visual
examination of bladder.
• Cystoscopy = visual examination of the
bladder.
• Nephroscopy = visual examination of kidney.
• Urethroscope = used to visualize the urethra.
Procedural Terms
• KUB = an x-ray of the abdomen, kindey,
ureter & bladder.
• BUN = measure the amount of urea in the
blood. Determines kidney function. Increase
indicates renal dysfunction.
• Specific gravity = test on urine specimen to
measure the concentration or diluting ability
of the kidneys.
• Urinalysis (UA) = multiple routine test done
on a urine specimen.
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Complementary Terms
• Albuminuria = albumin in the urine, indicates
kidney problems.
• Anuria = absence of urine.
• Dysuria = difficulty of painful urination.
• Glycosuria - sugar (glucose) in the urine.
• Hematuria = blood in the urine.
• Nocturia = night urination.
• Oliguria = scanty urination.
• Polyuria = excessive urine.
Complementary Terms
• Pyuria = pus in the urine.
• Urologist = physician who specializes in the
diagnosis and treatment of the urinary system.
• Urology = study of the urinary system. The
the reproductive system of the male.
• Catheter = flexible, tube-like device for
withdrawing or instilling fluids.
• Distended = stretched out.
• Diuretic = agent that increases the amount of
urine.
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Complementary Terms
• Enuresis = involuntary urination (bed wetting).
• Hemodialysis = procedure of removing
impurities from the blood, because kidney
can’t.
• Incontinence = inability to control the bladder
and/or bowels.
• Micturate = to urinate of void.
• Stricture = abnormal narrowing, urethral
stricture.
• Void = to empty or evacuate waste material.
Abbreviations
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BUN = blood urea nitrogen
cath = catheterization
ESWL = extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy
HD = hemodialysis
KUB = kidney, ureter, and bladder
SG = specific gravity
UA = urinalysis
UTI = urinary tract infection
VCUG = voiding cystourethrogram
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Micturation
Break
The end of chapter 6
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