Download Urogenital System

Lecture 7:
Urogenital System
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Intermediate Mesoderm Forms Much of the Urogenital System
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Mesoderm in the Chick Embryo
Paraxial mesoderm (somite)
Intermediate mesoderm
Lateral plate
mesoderm
Body cavity
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3 Kidney Systems
4.5 weeks
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Intermediate Mesoderm Forms the Urogenital Ridge
Urogenital Ridge
(red box)
5 Weeks
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The Ureteric Bud Forms as an Outgrowth from the Mesonephric Duct
5.5 Weeks
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Collecting System Forms from the Ureteric Bud
6-7 Weeks
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The Ureteric Bud Induces the Metanephric Blastema to Form Filtration Units
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Molecular Regulation of Kidney Development
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Kidneys Develop in the Pelvic Region
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Ascent of the Kidneys
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Pelvic and Horseshoe Kidneys
Ureter
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Polycystic Kidney
Recessive form: 1:5000; cysts from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancy
Dominant form: 1:500-1000: cysts from anywhere; renal failure in adulthood
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Duplications of the Ureters
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Bladder Development
Proctodeum
6
Weeks
7
Weeks
8 Weeks
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Bladder Development: Incorporation of the Mesonephric Duct
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Possible Positions for Ectopic Ureters
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Final Position of the Ureters and Mesonephric Duct (Vas Deferens)
Ejaculatory duct
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Urorectal Septal Defects and Imperforate Anus
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Urachal Abnormalities
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Relationship of the Genital Ridge to the Mesonephric System
Cut Line
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Migration of the Germ Cells
4 Weeks (early)
6 Weeks
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Relationship of Germ Cells to the Epithelium of the Genital Ridge
6 Weeks
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Formation of the Seminiferous Tubules
8 weeks
16 weeks
Sertoli cells: derived from epithelium; serve as nurse cells for sperm and
produce antimüllerian hormone (AMH; also called müllerian-inhibiting
substance [MIS])
Interstitial cells (of Leydig): derived from mesenchyme of genital ridge;
secrete testosterone (mesonephric ducts, tubules, etc.; dihydrotestosterone,
external genitalia)
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Male Tubules and Ducts
16 Weeks
9 Months
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Formation of Primary Oocytes and Follicular Cells
7 Weeks
20 Weeks
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Derivatives of the Paramesonephric Ducts
9 Months
8 Weeks
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Growth of the Urogenital Ridge Produces Fusion between the
Paramesonephric Ducts
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Formation of the Ovarian Ligaments
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Induction of the Vagina by the Paramesonephric Ducts
9 Weeks
12 Weeks
Newborn
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Vaginal Development
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Uterine Abnormalities
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Testis and Ovary Development
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Genetic Signals: Male vs. Female
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External Genitalia: Indifferent Stage
6 Weeks
4 Weeks
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Penis and Scrotal Development
10 Weeks
Newborn
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Male
8 Weeks
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Male
12 Weeks
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Hypospadias
Glandular Hypospadius
Urethral and Glandular
Hypospadias
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Female
11 Weeks
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Female External Genitalia
6 Weeks
5 Months
Newborn
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Female Pseudohermaphrodism (Adrenogenital Syndrome)
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Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Testicular Feminization)
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Signals for Sexual Differentiation
SRY
–SRY, +WNT4
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Descent of the Testes
8 Weeks
28 Weeks
19 Weeks
Newborn
Cryptorchidism: Failure of the testes to reach the scrotal sac (3% of newborns)
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Layers Covering the Testis
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Indirect Inguinal Hernias and Hydroceles
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Remnants of the Mesonephric Duct in Females
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