Download DoD Arctic Strategy DoD Arctic Strategy

DoD Arctic Strategy
Influence, Implementation, and Impacts
Lt Gen Russ Handy
Our Neighborhood
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Alaska’s Strategic Importance
Alaska is the most strategic place on earth” – Brig Gen Billy Mitchell, Testimony
to Congress 1935
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Who We Are
General Jacoby
Admiral Locklear
USPACOM
USNORTHCOM
NORAD
PACAF
One Headquarters
11AF
ALCOM
JTF-AK
ANR
One Staff
Eleventh Air Force
Alaskan Command
Joint Task Force Alaska
Alaskan NORAD Region
U.S. Service
U.S. Joint
U.S. Joint
BI-National
• Organize, Train,
Equip
• Provide forces
• SAR Coordinator
• Readiness
• Warning/assessment
• Homeland Defense
• Aerospace Control
• Civil Support
• Air Sovereignty
• Advocate--Arctic requirements and capability
• Air Defense
• Partnerships
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Alaska Military Installations
Point Barrow LRRS
23K DoD & USCG AD
5K Guard and Reserve
7K Civil Service
45K Family
Oliktok LRRS
Cape Lisburne LRRS
Barter Island LRRS
Kotzebue LRRS
Fort Yukon LRRS
Tin City LRRS
Indian Mountain LRRS
80,000 Direct
Military Influence
Ft Wainwright
Eielson AFB
Murphy Dome LRRS
Ft Greely
Clear AS
Cape Romanzof LRRS
Tatalina LRRS
JBER
Sparrevohn LRRS
Sector Anc
MSD Homer
Cape Newenham LRRS
Eareckson Air Station
Sector Juneau
USCGAS
Kodiak
Joint Base
Air Force Base
Army Base
Coast Guard Station
Middleton Island RRS
King Salmon Airport
St. Paul Island RRS
MSD Unalaska
MSU Valdez
Valdez RRS
Cold Bay LRRS
USCGAS
Sitka
Radar/Radio Site
Marine Safety Unit/Det
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MSD Ketchikan
Climate Change??
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Ice Cap
1979
2000
2011
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Summer 2035 NOAA Computer Projection
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The Simple Math Problem
Distance: Hamburg to Yokohama
(nautical miles)
Northern Sea Route ~ 6,920 nm
Suez Canal
~ 11,073 nm
Panama Canal
~ 12,420 nm
Cape of Good Hope ~ 14,542 nm
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Increased Maritime Traffic
Russian Federation Northern Sea Route Permits
2013 –450
2012 – 42
2011 – 36
Expected
traffic by
2040
Image via PNAS/Smith and
Stephenson
www.smithsonianmag.com,
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Economics…
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Arctic Interests
State Interests
Arctic State
RUSSIA
• Arctic contributes 12%+ of GDP
• Modernizing/replacing aging Navy
• Arctic key to strategic defense
• Developing NSR as global shipping lane and
Arctic for energy production
• Resubmitting ECS, prob in 2014
CANADA
• Northwest Passage sovereignty is key
• Arctic part of military “core missions”
• Annual Arctic military exercise
• Arctic Naval Facility planned at Nanisivik
• 6-8 ice-capable Naval patrol ships planned
• Arctic military training center at Resolute Bay
Arctic Economic Factors
• Arctic contributes 12%+ of Russian GDP, 25% of exports, and 3.8
million jobs, including fisheries, mining, and petroleum industry (not
counting the military).
• Arctic contributes 5.7% of Norwegian GDP, mainly from fishing,
government expenditures, and petroleum industry.
• Arctic contributes 0.6% of Canadian GDP, but looms large in
national self-image. Arctic industries include natural resources,
construction
• Arctic contributes 0.6% of Danish GDP – but all of Greenland is
Arctic or near-Arctic – including fishing, mining, construction, and
government expense.
NORWAY
DENMARK
ICELAND
• Svalbard sovereignty is key
• “Credible, consistent, and predictable”
• Expanding regulation in Arctic
• Progress in petroleum development
• Good working relations with Russia
• Positive on NATO in the Arctic
• Long-term Greenlandic independence?
• Plan to establish Arctic Command and
Response Force from existing assets
• Plan to claim North Pole and part of
Losmonsov Ridge
• Fishing: 60-70% of exports, 11% of
GDP
• No military; small, capable Coast Guard
Economic factors are primary drivers in Arctic – requires a stable
and secure region
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The Russia Example
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Arctic Oil and Gas Potential
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Who is “Breaking the Ice”…
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The Arctic Military Dynamic…
April 2014
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So Where Does DoD Fit In?
National Strategy for the Arctic Region
 Signed by the President on 10 May 2013
 1. Advance U.S. Security Interests
 2. Pursue Responsible Arctic Region Stewardship
 3. Strengthen International Cooperation
DoD’s Arctic Strategy
 Published in Nov 2013, in support of President’s strategy
 Goal: “An Arctic region that is stable and free or conflict, where
nations act responsibly in a spirit of trust and cooperation, and
where economic and energy resources are developed in a
sustainable manner that also respects the fragile environment
and the interests and cultures of indigenous peoples.”
 Ensure Security; Support Safety; Promote Defense Cooperation
 Hinges on collaboration with Allies and Partners
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What We Do
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Freedom of Navigation / Escort / Maritime Security
Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance
Forward Presence
Maritime Domain Awareness
Homeland Defense / Security
HA/DR
DSCA
Search and Rescue
Environmental Response
Law Enforcement
Green = DOD led mission area
Blue = DOD support to lead agency
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Bottom Line…We Protect:
• Citizens
• Property
• Rights
• Sovereignty
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Search & Rescue Agreement
Signed Apr 21, 2010
• Establish,
operate,
maintain an
adequate and
effective SAR
capability
• May request
assistance from
other Parties
• Promptly
respond to
requests for
assistance
• Promote
cooperation
DoD key leader and player in the National SAR Plan – including in Alaska
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Other Initiatives
• Arctic Collaborative Working Group
• Partnership with University of Alaska
• Energy initiatives
• Public-private partnerships
“Increase understanding and awareness of the
Arctic and its existing and potential partnerships”
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University of Alaska Partnership
Academia
• Alaska Pacific University
• University of Alaska Anchorage
• University of Alaska Fairbanks
Collaborative Group
Agency
Organization • Alaska StateState
Troopers
Interagency/Intergovernmental
• Alaska Arctic Policy Commission
• Alaska Regional Response Team
• FEMA Region X Regional
Interagency Steering Committee
Federal Agency – Regional
• DHS: FEMA, TSA, USCIS, CG D17,
CBP, ICE, USSS
• DOD: ALCOM/JTF-AK, USARAK,
11AF, DLA
• DOI: NPS, FWS, BIA, BLM, BOEM,
BSEE, USGS
• DOJ: FBI, U.S. Attorney
• DOT: FAA
• EPA
• GSA
• HHS: Indian Health Service
• U.S. Arctic Research Commission
• Div. of Homeland Security and
Emergency Management
• Office of the Lieutenant Governor
• DEC (Spill response)
UA/UAF
JTF-AK
Non-Governmental Organizations
• Alaska Clean Seas
• Alaska Federation of Natives
• Institute of the North
Other Government
• Federally-Recognized Tribes
• North Slope Borough
• Northwest Arctic Borough
Industry
• Oil Companies
• Other resource-oriented companies
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Capability Gaps
• Communications
• Domain awareness
• Infrastructure
• Presence
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Way Ahead
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Questions
Lt Gen Russ Handy
Commander, Alaska Command
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