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The Study of Humankind Anthropology: The study of humankind, in all times and places. Physical anthropology: The systematic study of humans as biological organisms. Paleoanthropology: Field of anthropology that studies human evolution through fossil remains. Forensic anthropology: Field of applied physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes. Cultural Anthropology: The branch of anthropology that focuses on human behavior. Archaeology: The study of material remains, usually from the past, to describe and explain human behavior. Linguistic anthropology: The branch of cultural anthropology that studies human language. Ethnology: The branch of cultural anthropology that studies cultures that can be, or have been, observed firsthand from a comparative or historical point of view. Culture: shared behaviors, ideas, and artifacts. A way of life passed from generation to another. Cultural relativism: studying other cultures without imposing your own values on them. Ethnocentrism: an attitude or perception that one’s own culture and values are the only right and proper way, and that other cultures are wrong or deficient.