Download SPS9. Students will investigate the properties of waves.

SPS9. Students will investigate the
properties of waves.
a. Recognize that all waves transfer energy.
b. Relate frequency and wavelength to the energy of
different types of electromagnetic waves and
mechanical waves.
c. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
electromagnetic and mechanical (sound) waves.
d. Investigate the phenomena of reflection, refraction,
interference, and diffraction.
e. Relate the speed of sound to different mediums.
f. Explain the Doppler Effect in terms of everyday
interactions
Waves
• Waves carry energy
• Mechanical (sound): require a medium (solid,
liquid, gas) to travel through
• Electromagnetic: do not require a medium to
travel through (space)
Electromagnetic Spectrum!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radio
Micro
Infrared
Visible (ROYGBIV)
Ultra
Xrays
Gamma
Frequency
• The number of wavelengths per second
passing a point (measured in hertz).
– More frequency more energy
*As the Frequency increases; wavelength
decreases
Amplitude
• The displacement of a wave from its
resting point (equilibrium)
– More amplitude more energy
Speed of a wave
Velocity: m/s
Frequency: Hertz (Hz)
Wavelength: (m)
Speed of Sound Waves
• Generally travel slowest through gasses,
faster through liquids, and fastest
through solids
Wave Behavior
• Reflection: The bouncing back of energy waves
• Refraction: the bending of waves after going
through a new medium
• Diffraction: Spreading of waves after going through
a small opening
• Interference:
– Constructive: produces a wave greater than each of the
individual waves
– Destructive: Joining of two waves cancels out all or part
of the individual waves
Doppler Effect
• The deceptive change in frequency of waves
• Wave source moves towards you, frequency
(or pitch) increases
• Wave source moves away from you, frequency
(or pitch) decreases
SPS10. Students will investigate the
properties of electricity and
magnetism.
a. Investigate static electricity in terms of: friction,
induction, conduction
b. Explain the flow of electrons in terms of
alternating and direct current, the relationship
among voltage, resistance and current, simple
series and parallel circuits.
c. Investigate applications of magnetism and/or its
relationship to the movement of electrical charge as
it relates to electromagnets, simple motors,
permanent magnets
Parallel vs. Series Circuits
• Parallel: circuit in which electric current has
more than one path to follow
• Series: Circuit in which electric current has
only one path to follow
Conductors, Insulators,
Semiconductors
• Conductors: electrons move easily
• Insulators: electrons are not able to move
easily
• Semiconductors: conductivity properties
between that of a conductor and that of an
insulator
AC vs. DC Current
• Alternating Current: Electric current that
reverses its direction of flow
• Direct Current: Electric current that flows in
only one direction (batteries)
Ohm’s Law
V=IxR
V = voltage (volts)
I = current (amps)
R = resistance (ohms)
As resistance increases current decreases
Electromagnets
Temporary magnet made by wrapping a wire
coil around an iron core (nail)
-More wraps = stronger magnet
Static Electricity
• The build up of excess electric charge on an
object
• Opposites Attract
• Likes Repel
Flashcard VOCAB Words
SPS9 Words
• Mechanical Wave
• Electromagnetic Wave
• Frequency
• Amplitude
• Speed of a wave (equation)
• Reflection
• Refraction
• Interference (constructive
and destructive)
• Diffraction
• Doppler Effect
SPS10 Words
• Parallel Circuit
• Series Circuit
• AC Current
• DC Current
• Ohm’s Law
• Electromagnets
• Static Electricity
• Conductor
• Insulator
• Semiconductor