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Earth and Environmental Science
Fall 2014 Final Exam Review
EEn.1.1. Explain Earth’s role as a body in space. (Unit 2 – Astronomy)
1. What are the 4 main motions of the earth? Define them & describe the effects of the motion.
1. Rotation
2. Revolution
3. Precession
4. Nutation
2. List and define Kepler’s 3 laws.
1.
2.
3.
3. Put the following in order of size from least to greatest. [galaxies, stars, universe).
4. What does the Big Bang Theory state? What is evidence for the BBT?
5. Define Hubble’s Law? What is evidence for Hubble’s Law?
6a. What causes the seasons? Label the diagram below with the seasons in each hemisphere.
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7a. What causes the tides?
7b. Which type of high tide causes the greatest difference between high and low tides (highest high tides and
the lowest low tides)?
7.c Label the Spring and Neap tides in the diagram at below.
8. How does the sun produce energy?
9. How does the heat, light, and energy from the sun get to Earth through space?
10. Draw a picture of what happens when solar radiation strikes the Earth. (Think Greenhouse effect!)
11. Why is the sun important to life on earth?
12. Why is the equator warmer than the poles?
13. Define barycenter. Draw pictures of the barycenter between the moon and the earth, and the earth and
the sun.
14. Why is the earth’s magnetic field important?
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EEn.2.1 Explain how processes and forces affect the lithosphere (Unit 2 – Geosphere).
15. Define lithosphere.
16. Label the rock cycle diagram to the right.
17. What force causes the movement of tectonic
plates?
18. What are the 3 types of plate boundaries? List
the landforms or geologic events created by each.
1.
_________________________
o Landforms/Geologic Events:
2.
_________________________
o Landforms/Geologic Events:
3.
_________________________
o Landforms/Geologic Events:
19. What causes earthquakes? Which types of earthquakes are more damaging, deep or shallow?
20. What information do scientists use to find the epicenter of an earthquake?
21. Can earthquakes be predicted? Why or why not?
22. Why are damaging earthquakes relatively rare in NC?
23. What geologic event created the Appalachian mountains in NC?
24. Define the following geohazards (including the cause) and list their possible warning signs.
a. Sinkhole:
o Warning signs:
b. Tsunami:
o Warning signs:
c. Landslide:
o Warning signs:
d. Flood:
o Warning signs:
o Prevention strategy:
EEn 2.2 Understand how human influences impact the lithosphere. (Unit 3 – Energy)
25. List the advantages and disadvantages of the alternative energy sources.
Energy source
Advantages
Disadvantages
Solar
Wind
Hydroelectric
Geothermal
Biomass
26. List the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional energy sources. (Unit 3)
Energy source
Advantages
Disadvantages
Coal
Nuclear
Fission
(Uranium)
Natural Gas
(Methane)
Oil
Wood
27. Define mechanical (physical) weathering. What causes mechanical weathering?
28. Define chemical weathering. What causes chemical weathering?
29. Define erosion.
30. What are causes of erosion? What human activities increase the rate of soil erosion?
31. What are strategies to control soil erosion?
32. What are the consequences of increased soil erosion?
EEn 2.3 Explain the structure and processes within the hydrosphere. (Unit 5 – Hydrosphere)
33. Define the following terms and label
them in the diagram at right.
a. Aquifer
b. Zone of saturation
c. Water table
33. Which property of rock allows
groundwater to flow most easily?
34. Which moves faster, surface water or groundwater?
35.Label the parts of the water cycle in the diagram.
36. What would happen to the earth if there was less precipitation in the water cycle?
37. What would happen to the earth if there was less evaporation in the water cycle?
38. Define river basin. Define watershed.
39. What bodies of water supply water to river basins and watersheds?
40. What causes floods?
41. Shade the currents (arrows) in the diagram blue for cool currents and red for warm currents.
42. Define deep ocean current. What causes deep ocean currents?
43. Define surface current. What causes surface currents?
44. How do currents affect climate?
45. Which is more dense, cold or warm water? Which is more dense, low salinity or high salinity water?
EEn.2.4 Evaluate how humans use water. (Unit 5)
46. What are the indicators we use to determine the quality of water?
1.
3.
2.
4.
48. What are consequences of drilling for groundwater?
49. Define wetland. Why are they important?
50. Define desalination. What are its benefits and consequences?
51. How does building a dam affect water quality?
EEn.2.5 Understand the structure of and processes within our atmosphere. (Unit 6 – Atmosphere)
52. Why is ozone an important component in the atmosphere? In which layer do you find “good” ozone? In
which layer do you find “bad” ozone?
53. List the greenhouse gases. Why are greenhouse gases important to the atmosphere? When are
greenhouse gases bad?
56. What substances are responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
57. What is the main source of air pollution in the US?
58. What causes acid rain?
STAMP
59. Label the diagram with the gases that make up our atmosphere and the % composition of each.
60. Fill out the chart below using information about fronts.
Front name and symbol
How it forms
61. Why does a hurricane’s force decrease once it reaches land?
62. Why are tornadoes common in “Tornado Alley?”
Weather experienced
63. Label & color (blue/red ) the air masses (continental polar,etc). You can use the abbreviations.
64. What weather is associated with a high pressure (H) system? A low pressure (L) system?
EEn 2.6 Analyze patterns of global climate change over time. (Unit 6)
65. Compare and contrast weather & climate.
66. What are the natural causes of climate change?
67. Define global warming. What causes it? What are the effects of global climate change?
68. What is El Niño? What are the effects on climate due to El Niño?
EEn 2.7 Explain how the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere individually and collectively affect the
biosphere over time. (Unit 2 – Biosphere)
69. What is a biome? What are examples of biomes?
70. Abiotic factors: definition & examples
Biotic factors: definition and examples
71. What are the 3 regions of NC? What is the factor that causes the 3 regions to be different?
72. What is biodiversity? What human actions lead to a loss of biodiversity?
73. What are the consequences of a loss of biodiversity?
EEn 2.8 Evaluate human behaviors in terms of how likely they are to ensure the ability to live sustainably on
Earth. (Unit 3 – Energy)
74. Conventional agriculture (define):
Benefits
Consequences
76. Aquaculture: (define):
Benefits
Consequences
77. What are limiting factors of population growth?
79. What happens to a population if:
a. birth rate > death rate ____________________________
b. birth rate < death rate ____________________________
c. birth rate = death rate ____________________________
80. What is an ecological footprint and how is it calculated? How can your footprint be reduced?
81. What types of materials can be recycled?
82. What is an invasive species? How do invasive species affect native species? What are examples of invasive
species in NC?