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1) Which of the following was the most significant factor in the shift in American foreign policy toward imperialism in the late nineteenth century? (A) The popular influence of the yellow press of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst (B) The desire for more farmland (C) Construction of an American-­‐built isthmian canal between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans (D) A missionary zeal to civilize and bring Christianity to the nonwhite peoples of the South Pacific, Caribbean, and Latin America (E) The need for overseas markets for increased industrial and agricultural production 2) What was the most important reason President William McKinley asked Congress to declare war on Spain? (A) The business community universally supported the conflict. (B) The Spanish government had directly provoked and insulted the United States. (C) Spain refused to end the concentration camps and sign an armistice with Cuban rebels. (D) McKinley felt that the Teller Amendment would guarantee that the United States would not establish control of Cuba. (E) The American public, influenced by the yellow press, and many leading Republicans demanded war in the aftermath of the sinking of the Maine. 3) Why did the armed American effort to annex Hawaii fail in 1893? (A) Queen Liliuokalani and native Hawaiians crushed the revolt by white settlers, large sugar interests, and U.S. army troops supporting annexation. (B) It was fiercely opposed by American sugar lords, who feared annexation would eliminate their favored labor and trade arrangements with Hawaii. (C) Incoming president Cleveland rejected annexation because he believed native Hawaiians had been wronged by U.S. government support for an armed, sugar interest–supported overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani that enjoyed negligible sup-­‐ port among native Hawaiians. (D) Protestant missionaries believed annexation would slow the conversion of native Hawaiians and Chinese and Japanese immigrants to Christianity. (E) A Japanese threat to declare war on the United States if America annexed Hawaii caused incoming president Cleveland to oppose annexation. 4) What was one key international effect of President Theodore Roosevelt’s aggressive involvement and active support for the Panamanian revolt? (A) Making other nations reluctant to use the Panama Canal (B) Sparking nationalist revolts against American rule in Puerto Rico and the United States (C) Allying the United States closely with Britain (D) Making all the Central American governments respect the United States (E) Increasing anti-­‐American sentiment throughout Latin America 5) How did the United States’ position in world affairs change by the beginning of the twentieth century? (A) The United States became the most powerful country in the world. (B) The United States began to import much more than it exported. (C) The United States acquired its own empire, departing from its anticolonial traditions. (D) The United States extended humanitarian aid to any place it was necessary. (E) The United States tended toward isolationism, remembering Washington’s advice. 6) All of the following political, economic, or social reform initiatives were connected to the progressive movement EXCEPT (A) rooting out graft and corruption in big-­‐city political machines. (B) women’s suffrage. (C) a constitutional amendment to guarantee the popular direct election of U.S. senators. (D) a temperance movement aimed at curbing alcohol sales and consumption. (E) nationalizing the railroads and utilities in the United States. 7) How did the muckrakers signify the ideological nature of the progressive reform movement? (A) They proposed detailed, scientific remedies for social problems. (B) They sought to overturn the major features of industrial and finance capitalism. (C) Their reform prescriptions were closely allied with those of the Socialist party. (D) They trusted that media exposures of political corruption and economic exploitation could reform capitalism rather than overthrow it. (E) They looked to start a third political party that would overturn the corrupt and stalemated two-­‐party system. 8) Why were the settlement house and women’s club movements considered crucial centers of female progressive activity? (A) They provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions. (B) They broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers. (C) They introduced many middle-­‐class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns. (D) They helped children living in urban slums read classic literature by Dante and Shakespeare. (E) They became launching pads for women seeking political office. 9) Which statement most accurately characterizes a key belief of advocates of political progressivism during this era? (A) Progressive political reforms such as the secret ballot, referendum and recall, and limits on political contributions from corporate interests would curb the excesses of industrial and finance capitalism and stave off socialism in the United States. (B) Political reforms had to be instituted initially on the federal government level before they could be successfully implemented in states and municipalities. (C) Progressive political reforms should first be developed, implemented, and evaluated in northeastern big cities before being tried in mid-­‐western and western states. (D) Political alliances with socialists and other political radicals should be forged in order to pass these political reforms on the federal, state, and local government level. (E) The achievement of women’s suffrage would not significantly aid political progressivism. 10) What shortcoming in the U.S. economy did the panic of 1907 reveal? (A) The need for substantial reform of U.S. banking and currency policies (B) The need to raise tariffs on imported goods (C) Insufficient government regulation of corporations (D) The need to regulate Wall Street stock trading (E) The need for a federally mandated minimum wage for workers 11) In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included support for all of the following EXCEPT (A) antitrust legislation. (B) monetary reform. (C) dollar diplomacy. (D) tariff reductions. (E) support for small business. 12) Which statement best describes the contrasts between Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom progressivism and Theodore Roosevelt’s New Nationalism progressivism? (A) Wilson’s New Freedom emphasized small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the free functioning of unregulated and un-­‐monopolized markets; Roosevelt’s New Nationalism favored continued consolidation of the trusts and labor unions supplemented by the growth of federal regulatory agencies. (B) Wilson’s New Freedom emphasized consolidation of trusts and labor unions; Roosevelt favored advancing small enterprise, entrepreneurship, and the open functioning of unregulated and un-­‐monopolized markets. (C) Wilson’s New Freedom favored a broad program of social welfare including minimum wage laws and social insurance; Roosevelt’s New Nationalism emphasized a faith in free-­‐market competition, vigorous enforcement of antitrust laws, and shunning of social welfare proposals. (D) Roosevelt’s New Nationalism favored placing key industries such as the railroads and utilities under government ownership, while Wilson’s New Freedom advocated vigorous regulation of these key private industries. (E) Wilson’s New Freedom emphasized the importance of maintaining protectionist high tariffs to protect domestic industry and promote economic growth, while Roosevelt favored lowering tariffs to promote trade and economic expansion. 13) How did the Underwood Tariff Act reflect President Wilson’s progressive goals? (A) The law lowered tariff rates and established the first graduated federal income tax. (B) In addition to lowering tariff rates, the act created an optional retirement system for workers. (C) The act lowered tariff rates and guaranteed equal treatment for men and women in employment. (D) The tariff was used only for increasing government revenue and not to protect American industry from competition. (E) The raising of the tariff provided protection for American farmers against subsidized foreign crop imports. 14) What presidential action illustrated the limits of Woodrow Wilson’s progressivism? (A) Vetoing the Federal Farm Loan Act (B) Opposing the entry of women into politics (C) Appointing the Jewish Louis D. Brandeis to the U.S. Supreme Court (D) Vetoing legislation to guarantee workers compensation assistance to disabled federal employees (E) Accelerating the segregation of blacks in the federal bureaucracy 15) Which of the following best characterizes the attitude of the large majority of Americans to the outbreak of World War I in 1914? (A) Most Americans earnestly hoped to remain neutral and stay out of the war. (B) Most Americans favored entering the war in support of the Allies. (C) Most Americans supported the cause of the Central Powers. (D) Most Americans wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations. (E) Most Americans favored direct U.S. diplomatic mediation of the conflict. 16) All of the following were factors contributing to the entrance of the United States into World War I in 1917 EXCEPT (A) the interception and publication of the Zimmerman note. (B) the resumption of unrestricted submarine warfare by Germany against all American vessels in the Atlantic war zone. (C) President Wilson’s moralistic and idealistic approach to America’s role in shaping a democratic world order. (D) the revolutionary overthrow of the tsarist regime in Russia, which allowed America to fully champion democracy with its support of the Allies. (E) the clamoring for war from munitions makers, bankers, and Wall Street financiers seeking to protect their loans and profits. 17) Which of the following did NOT represent one of Wilson’s Fourteen Points upon which he based America’s foreign policy in World War I? (A) Reduction of armaments (B) An international guarantee of freedom of religion (C) An abolition of secret treaties (D) A new international organization to guarantee collective security (E) The principle of national self-­‐determination for subject peoples 18) Which of the following best characterizes the U.S. government’s approach to civil liberties during World War I? (A) Threatened by President Wilson but protected by the courts (B) Limited civil liberties offered by the U.S. government, but no one imprisoned for his ideological convictions (C) Protected for everyone except German-­‐Americans (D) Violated mostly in the western United States (E) Severely damaged by the political pressures of loyalty and conformity 19) The main contributions to the Allied victory in World War I included all of the following EXCEPT (A) battlefield victories. (B) foodstuffs. (C) oil. (D) munitions. (E) financial credit. At the Paris Peace Conference, President Wilson sought all of the following EXCEPT (A) preventing a seizure of territory by the victors. (B) an immediate end to the European colonial empires in Africa and Asia. (C) a world parliament of nations to provide collective security. (D) national self-­‐determination for smaller European nations. (E) free trade and freedom of the seas.