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Food, income and education: who eats more of what? NDNS data on food consumption www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk Interactive version at www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence Evidence Brief 6, February 2014 A mong the many things that influence the foods we eat, two important factors are what we earn and our level of education. Using data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey, we look at the picture for UK food consumption. The graphic below presents how UK food choices vary against the national average by income and education groups. A description of these data can be found over the page, and you can explore the graphic further by visiting www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence Fish Meat Fruit & veg Grains Tea, coffee, water Other bread Beer, lager, cider, perry Wine Wholemeal bread Semi-skimmed milk Yogurt & fromage frais Other milk & cream White bread £50,000 or more Oily fish White fish coated or fried Pork and pork dishes Other potatoes, potato salads Artificial sweeteners Ice cream Soft drinks (not low calorie) Low calorie soft drinks Income Other bread High fibre breakfast cereals Yogurt & fromage frais White bread £25,000 to £49,999 Wine Beer, lager, cider, perry Burgers, kebabs Chicken & turkey dishes Ice cream Other white fish, shellfish Fruit Other potatoes, potato salads Puddings Sugar confectionery Beer, lager, cider, perry Skimmmed milk Yogurt & fromage frais Semi-skimmed milk Sausages Cheese Chicken & turkey dishes Sugar confectionery Low fat spread Ice cream Smoothies & 100% fruit juice Chocolate confectionery Fruit Dietary supplements Biscuits Crisps & savoury snacks Puddings Beer, lager, Low calorie soft drinks cider, perry Wine Tea, coffee, water Wholemeal bread 1% fat Other breakfast Nuts & milk seeds cereals High fibre Pasta, rice & breakfast other cereals Yogurt & cereals fromage frais Other bread Beef & veal dishes Game birds Vegetables, not raw Oily fish White fish Other coated or Polyunmeat/meat saturated fried products Other white fats/oils fish, shellfish Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies Salad & other raw vegetables Crisps & Other potatoes, savoury snacks potato salads Dietary supplements Pasta rice & Tea, coffee, water other cereals Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread Wine Other bread Cheese 1% fat milk Nuts & seeds Wholemeal bread Game birds Oily fish Lamb & lamb dishes Salad & other raw vegetables Other white fish, shellfish Fruit Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies Artificial sweeteners Yogurt & fromage frais Skimmmed milk Smoothies & 100% fruit juice Low fat spread Fruit juice Vegetables, not raw Low fat spread Beer, lager, cider, perry Soft drinks (not low calorie) Low calorie soft drinks White bread Coated chicken Whole milk White bread High fibre breakfast cereals Burgers, kebabs Whole fish, coated or fried Sausages Bacon & ham Chocolate confectionery Sugars, preserves & sweet spreads Other potatoes, potato salads Crisps & savoury snacks Oily fish Semi-skimmed milk Cheese Butter Trans fatty acids Up to GCSE or equivalent Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread Wholemeal bread Sugar confectionery Low fat spread Wine Tea, coffee, water Pasta rice and other cereals High fibre Nuts & breakfast cereals seeds Chicken & turkey dishes Other white fish, shellfish Pork & pork dishes Fruit juice Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies Salad & other raw vegetables Vegetables, not raw Ice cream Reduced fat spread Artificial sweeteners A-level or equivalent Eggs & egg dishes Oily fish Game birds Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies Reduced fat spread Chips, fried & roast potatoes Smoothies & 100% fruit juice Fruit Fruit juice Wine Spirits & liqueurs Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread Other breakfast Nuts & cereals seeds Bacon & ham Skimmmed milk Other / misc Sugar confectionery Buns, cakes, pastries, fruit pies Tea, coffee, water Alcoholic drinks Puddings Butter Meat pies & pastries Beef & veal dishes Puddings Semi-skimmed milk Cheese Meat pies & pastries Less than £25,000 Nuts & seeds Pork & pork dishes 1% fat milk Coated chicken Wine Tea, coffee, water Brown, granary & wheatgerm bread Salad & other raw vegetables Fruit juice Low fat spread Puddings Pasta rice & other cereals Other breakfast cereals Drinks Sugars & desserts Fats & high fat starch Dairy Low calorie soft drinks Other white fish, shellfish Chips, fried & roast potatoes Sausages Nuts, seeds & beans Fruit Other margarine, fats and oils Degree or equivalent, or higher Education www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence Page 1 of 2 Key facts • Foods appear in the graphic only if they are consumed in quantities significantly greater than that of the UK population as a whole. • Therefore the foods shown here are those food which stand out on a statistical basis, not the totality of the diet within each demographic group. • The relative size of each circle indicates how much greater than average each of the foods is eaten. For example, based on this graphic you can say that people with high incomes and degrees have unusually high consumption of game birds compared to the population, but not that they necessarily eat more game birds than they eat beef and veal dishes. Detailed methods Acknowledgements and feedback The data for this graphic come from years 1-3 of the rolling programme of the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS). Which contains detailed data about food eaten by 1,491 adults. Because of the way NDNS is conducted, these data are a statistically representative sample of what is eaten by people in the UK. Data analysis by Nick Jones and Dr Pablo Monsivais. Graphic by Oliver Francis. For each income-education category, consumption (in grams) was estimated for 68 food, beverage, and nutrient categories, as defined in NDNS. The estimation of intake was adjusted for the age and gender make-up of each group and the total quantity of food consumed. The group was plotted as a circle within the graphic if its consumption exceeded the 95% upper confidence interval of the population mean. The size of the circle is proportional to the difference between the level of consumption within a specific income-education category and that of the population overall. The NDNS survey is commissioned by the Food Standards Agency and Department of Health, The data it produces are used for many different purposes and are an important asset for public health research in the UK, since they provides us with a detailed account of what is eaten in a representative sample of people in the UK. The NDNS survey is carried out by MRC Human Nutrition Research and NatCen. We took inspiration from a matrix plot published by Bloomberg Businessweek in November 2013, which explored food purchasing in the USA. We would like to develop the online version of this graphic by adding more interactive features. If you have any comments or questions, or suggestions for other interactive features, please email Oliver on [email protected] Within each square in the grid, similar foodstuffs are clustered together, but otherwise the relative placement of each circle does not have any meaning. The income categories use equivalised household income, to account for differently sized households. About CEDAR The Centre for Diet and Activity Research studies the factors that influence dietary and activity related behaviours, develops and evaluates interventions, and is helping to shape public health practice and policy. We are a partnership between the University of Cambridge, the University of East Anglia and MRC Units in Cambridge. We draw on the expertise of a wide range of scientific disciplines including behavioural science, biostatistics, epidemiology, health geography, health economics and human nutrition. References and resources • • An interactive version of this Evidence Brief can be found at www.cedar.iph.cam.ac.uk/resources/evidence National Diet and Nutrition Survey - Information at MRC Human Nutrition Unit: www.mrc-hnr.cam.ac.uk/research/current-projects/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey EB6 v.1.0 17/02/2014 Page 2 of 2